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71.
We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the vibrons in ortho-para mixed crystals of solid hydrogen and deuterium at ambient and high pressure. Experimental results were obtained at ambient pressure and T=6–7 K (e.g., for hydrogen samples having ortho fractions of 19–62%) using high-resolution Fabry-Perot techniques, and at high pressure and T=77 K (e.g., hydrogen 50–50% ortho-para samples) using dispersive spectrographic techniques with diamond-anvil cells. The numerical calculations are based on the James and Van Kranendonk theory, and were performed by exactly diagonalizing the Hamiltonian for a large supercell of randomly placed molecular “species” on a crystalline lattice. Overall, excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The calculations show that disorder leads to Anderson localized vibrons for many of the pressures and concentrations studied experimentally and that a substantial portion of the Raman intensity is derived from these localized vibrons. We also calculate the species characteristics of the individual Raman peaks, the results of which suggest an explanation for the previously noted disagreement between experimental high-pressure results and the predictions of the van Kranendonk theory. Specifically, our analysis indicates that the higher frequency peak is associated with anisotropic scattering arising from partial alignment of J=1 angular momenta with respect to the crystallographic axes. Finally, our calculations show that the observed doublet structure in the lower frequency Raman peak for deuterium at low para (J=1) concentrations is well represented by added (para-molecule) diagonal terms in the van Kranendonk Hamiltonian that are plausibly associated with electric quadrupole-quadrupole interactions.  相似文献   
72.
A combined gel-casting and hot-pressing method was used to fabricate platelet-reinforced polymer matrix composites. Submicrometer thin alumina platelets were dispersed in a highly diluted polymer solution. A thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer was used as matrix for its high elasticity and excellent adhesion to the platelets. After dissolution of the polymer and casting, quick evaporation of the solvent triggered the formation of a polymer gel trapping the platelets in their well dispersed positions. The polymer–platelet gel densified during drying and the platelets were oriented horizontally due to the capillary forces and the large decrease in the thickness of the gel. The dried composites were hot-pressed to further improve the platelet orientation along the shear flow and close potential pores in the polymer. While the ultimate tensile strength of the composites gradually decreased with increasing platelet volume fractions, the increase in the elastic modulus and the stress necessary to deform the composite 10% was more than 100 and 18 times higher than the respective values of the pure polymer. The use of alumina platelets with an aspect ratio below the critical value allowed for the ductile platelet pull-out fracture mode. Since the polymer had to deform more to achieve identical deformation of the composite at higher platelet volume fraction, the strain at rupture steadily decreased. The incorporation of voids towards high platelet concentrations and the thereby triggered crack initiation and growth during straining lead to an additional decrease in the elasticity of composites with increasing platelet volume fractions. However, the extremely high extensibility of a polymer matrix allowed for the fabrication of composites that still deformed up to 162 ± 19% at platelet volume fractions as high as 0.33. When compared to other platelet-reinforced elastomers, the achieved platelet volume fraction is much higher and the relative increase in elastic modulus and stress at low strains is therefore much larger at the expense of a decrease in the strain at rupture. The fabrication method and designing principles employed in this study are transferable to other types of polymers and platelets and potentially allow the creation of new composites with tailored properties.  相似文献   
73.
Mice transgenic for the leukemia oncogene E2A-PBX1 invariably develop lethal, high-grade T-cell lymphomas by 5 months of age. In this study, retroviral insertional mutagenesis was employed to identify oncogenes that cooperate with the E2A-PBX1 transgene in lymphomagenesis. Neonatal retroviral infection substantially reduced length of survival due to accelerated development of lymphomas (81 versus 130 days). The Pim1 gene was targeted by retroviral insertions in 48% of accelerated lymphomas whereas less than 5% contained activated c-Myc and none contained activated Pim2. However, Pim1 DNA rearrangements were frequently sub-stoichiometric and not present at all sites of involvement in an otherwise monoclonal lymphoma indicating that Pim1 activation occurred late in the course of lymphomagenesis. Tumor subpopulations containing activated Pim1 alleles displayed a substantial growth advantage over Pim1 negative cells following serial transfer to secondary, syngeneic recipients. Cooperative interactions were observed in intercrossed Pim1 and E2A-PBX1 transgenic mice in which all double transgenic progeny developed lethal, diffuse T lineage lymphomas by 3 months of age, whereas only 13% of E2A-PBX1 and none of Pim1 single transgenic intercross progeny developed lymphomas by 1 year. Tumors from double transgenic mice were monoclonal providing evidence that additional genetic events were required for transformation. Therefore, Pim1 and E2a-Pbx1 cooperate in T lineage lymphomagenesis but they are not sufficient and the role of Pim1 is more likely to be associated with tumor progression.  相似文献   
74.
We and others have recently shown that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] significantly inhibits cell proliferation and increases secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP cells, an androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cell line. The present study was designed to investigate the possible interactions between 1,25-(OH)2D3 and androgens in the regulation of LNCaP cellular function. LNCaP cell growth was dose-dependently inhibited by 1,25-(OH)2D3 (60% inhibition at 10 nM) when cells were cultured in medium supplemented with FBS (FBS medium). 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated cells showed a 5-fold increase in PSA secretion, similar to the increase seen in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated cells. In combination, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and DHT synergistically enhanced PSA secretion 22-fold. This synergistic effect was even greater when cells were cultured in medium supplemented with charcoal-stripped serum (CSS medium), where endogenous steroids are substantially depleted. Under these conditions, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and DHT together stimulated PSA secretion up to 50-fold over the untreated control. Radioligand binding assays and Western blot analyses showed that the androgen receptor (AR) content was increased significantly by 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 48 h. Furthermore, the steady-state mRNA level of AR was up-regulated approximately 2-fold by 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 24 h. When cells were grown in CSS medium, 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone no longer inhibited cell growth or induced PSA secretion. Titration experiments revealed that the addition of DHT at 1 nM to the medium restored the antiproliferative activity of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Conversely, an antiandrogen, Casodex, completely blocked 1,25-(OH)2D3 antiproliferative and PSA stimulation activities when cells were cultured in FBS medium. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the antiproliferative and PSA induction activities of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in LNCaP cells are dependent upon androgen action and that AR up-regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 likely contributes to the synergistic actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and DHT in these cells.  相似文献   
75.
小程序也可以收集个人的数据。想不到吧,刚刚装上的新硬件也可能会悄悄地安装一些讨厌的东西。RichardHucker发现,每当他启动自己120G的WD西部数据硬盘时,“Spybot—Serach&Destroy软件就会检测到它”。他提到的这个“它”就是BackWebLite,许多软、硬件厂商用它来实现软件的自动升级。这似乎没什么坏处,除了未经你的许可就对PC作升级以外。但这并不是该软件的全部工作。厂商可以让它做更多的事情—例如自动发送广告和产品推销消息,收集你机器的数据,并且记录下你的每一次击键。我与几家厂商谈过,他们承认升级软件和发送广告的事情,但…  相似文献   
76.
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and severity of systemic arterial hypertension and proteinuria in dogs with naturally developing hyperadrenocorticism and to determine whether these abnormalities resolve with adequate management of the disease. DESIGN: Case series and cohort study. ANIMALS: 77 dogs with naturally developing hyper-adrenocorticism examined once; 15 dogs examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: Among dogs examined only once, hypertension was diagnosed in 21 of 26 dogs with untreated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), 17 of 21 with inadequately controlled PDH, 8 of 16 with well-controlled PDH, 10 of 10 with an untreated adrenocortical tumor, and 0 of 4 that had undergone adrenalectomy because of an adrenocortical tumor. Untreated dogs and dogs with inadequately controlled PDH had significantly higher blood pressures than did other dogs. Proteinuria was documented in 12 of 26 dogs with untreated PDH, 5 of 16 with inadequately controlled PDH, 3 of 14 with well-controlled PDH, 5 of 8 with an untreated adrenocortical tumor, and 1 of 3 that had undergone adrenalectomy. Dogs with untreated PDH and dogs with an untreated adrenocortical tumor had higher urine protein/creatinine ratios than did dogs with well-controlled PDH. Among dogs evaluated before and after treatment, blood pressure and urine protein/creatinine ratio did not change in 8 dogs with inadequately controlled hyperadrenocorticism, but decreased in 7 dogs with well-controlled disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that systemic hypertension and proteinuria are common in dogs with untreated hyperadrenocorticism and that successful treatment of hyperadrenocorticism will result in resolution of these abnormalities in many, but not all, dogs.  相似文献   
77.
We have previously demonstrated that interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein closely related or identical to the c-fes proto-oncogene product (FES) and association of this protein with the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4R alpha). IL-4 is known to induce association of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase with the IL-4R alpha. Since FES contains the consensus motifs for PI3 kinase binding, we tested the possibility that FES may associate with PI3 kinase upon IL-4 stimulation. We demonstrate herein that IL-4 stimulation induced rapid association of FES or a related protein with PI3 kinase in mouse T-cell lines. We also show an association of human FES (hFES) with the src homology 2 (SH2) domain of PI3 kinase in a COS7 cell expression system. The in vitro PI3 kinase assay using COS7 cells suggested that hFES partly contributes to the association between the hIL-4R alpha and PI3 kinase. We have further identified the important region in the cytoplasmic domain of the hIL-4R alpha for association of tyrosine-phosphorylated hFES with the hIL-4R alpha and SH2 domain of PI3 kinase using a COS7 cell expression system. These results suggest that FES or a related protein/PI3 kinase pathway may play a role in the pleiotropic effects of IL-4.  相似文献   
78.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the precise myocardial effects of OPC-18790 as demonstrated by intracoronary administration. BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have determined the cardiovascular effects of a novel intravenous inotrope, OPC-18790, the observed benefits on contractile and diastolic function may have been confounded by the marked changes in peripheral loading associated with this drug when given intravenously. METHODS: Eight heart failure patients received intracoronary OPC-18790 at 31.25 microg/min for 20 min, and then at 62.5 microg/min for another 20 min. Hemodynamic variables and pressure-volume indexes using the conductance catheter method were determined at baseline and then after the two doses. RESULTS: There were no significant effects on heart rate, cardiac output or loading conditions, including afterload as determined by systemic vascular resistance and arterial elastance (Ea) and preload as determined by end-diastolic volume (EDV). There were significant increases in end-systolic elastance (Ees) from 0.74+/-0.11 to 0.90+/-0.16 mm Hg/ml at 31.25 microg/min and to 137+/-0.33 mm Hg/ml at 62.5 microg/min (p < 0.05 by analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Diastolic function improved, as determined by the time constant for isovolumetric relaxation tau, which decreased significantly from baseline to 31.25 microg/min (94+/-9 to 79+/-9 ms, p < 0.05), and did not shorten further at 62.5 microg/min (78+/-8 ms, p=NS). There were significant decreases in right atrial pressure (9+/-1 to 7+/-1 mm Hg, p < 0.01 by ANOVA) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (21+/-3 to 16+/-2 mm Hg, p < 0.05 by ANOVA). This fall in filling pressures was not accompanied by any change in EDV. Inspection of the diastolic portion of the pressure-volume curve confirmed a downward shift consistent with pericardial release in five of the eight patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary administration of OPC-18790 demonstrates that the direct myocardial effects of this agent include a modest increase in inotropy and improvement in diastolic function, both of which occur without increases in heart rate, indicating that this agent may be beneficial for the intravenous treatment of congestive heart failure.  相似文献   
79.
BACKGROUND: Approximately 6 million U.S. patients present to emergency departments annually with symptoms suggesting acute cardiac ischemia. Triage decisions for these patients are important but remain difficult. OBJECTIVE: To test whether computerized prediction of the probability of acute ischemia, used with electrocardiography, improves the accuracy of triage decisions. DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. SETTING: 10 hospital emergency departments in the midwestern, southeastern, and northeastern United States. PATIENTS: 10689 patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia. INTERVENTION: The probability of acute ischemia predicted by the acute cardiac ischemia time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI), either automatically printed or not printed on patients' electrocardiograms. MEASUREMENTS: Emergency department triage to a coronary care unit (CCU), telemetry unit, ward, or home. Other measurements were the bed capacity of the CCU relative to that of the telemetry unit; training or supervision status of the triaging physician; and patient diagnoses and outcomes based on clinical, electrocardiographic, and creatine kinase data. RESULTS: For patients without cardiac ischemia, in hospitals with high-capacity CCUs and relatively low-capacity cardiac telemetry units, use of ACI-TIPI was associated with a reduction in CCU admissions from 15% to 12%, a change of -16% (95% CI, -30% to 0%), and an increase in emergency department discharges to home from 49% to 52%, a change of 6% (CI, 0% to 14%; overall P=0.09). Across all hospitals, for patients evaluated by unsupervised residents, use of ACI-TIPI was associated with a reduction in CCU admissions from 14% to 10%, a change of -32% (CI, -55% to 3%); a reduction in telemetry unit admissions from 39% to 31%, a change of -20% (CI, -34% to -2%); and an increase in discharges to home from 45% to 56%, a change of 25% (CI, 8% to 45%; overall P=0.008). Among patients with stable angina, in hospitals with high-capacity CCUs, use of ACI-TIPI was associated with a reduction in CCU admissions from 26% to 13%, a change of -50% (CI, -70% to -17%), and an increase in discharges to home from 20% to 22%, a change of 10% (CI, -29% to 71%; overall P=0.02). At hospitals with high-capacity telemetry units, use of ACI-TIPI was associated with a reduction in telemetry unit admissions from 68% to 59%, a change of -14% (CI, -27% to 1%), and an increase in emergency department discharges to home from 10% to 21%, a change of 100% (CI, 22% to 230%; overall P=0.02). Among patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina, use of ACI-TIPI did not change appropriate admission (96%) to the CCU or telemetry unit at hospitals with high-capacity CCUs or telemetry units. CONCLUSIONS: Use of ACI-TIPI was associated with reduced hospitalization among emergency department patients without acute cardiac ischemia. This result varied as expected according to the CCU and cardiac telemetry unit capacities and physician supervision at individual hospitals. Appropriate admission for unstable angina or acute infarction was not affected. If ACI-TIPI is used widely in the United States, its potential incremental impact may be more than 200000 fewer unnecessary hospitalizations and more than 100000 fewer unnecessary CCU admissions.  相似文献   
80.
In view of the fact that the amygdala (AMG) and hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) have an excitatory effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we have investigated the role of 5-HT in the AMG on this response. In intact freely moving rats, a mildly stressing short photic stimulation caused depletion of median eminence CRH-41, due to its release into the portal circulation and a rise in serum ACTH and corticosterone levels. This effect was significantly inhibited in rats in which 5-HT was depleted in the AMG following local 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine administration, which did not affect hypothalamic 5-HT content. Also, local pretreatment with ketanserin (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) in the AMG had the same inhibitory effect on the HPA axis response. These results indicate that AMG 5-HT has an important role in the activation of the HPA axis following neural stimulation and that 5-HT2 receptors are involved.  相似文献   
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