Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to enclosure corner fires of increasing severity

The results of 19 experiments in which a single pane glazing assembly was exposed to enclosure corner fires of increasing severity are presented. The glazing assembly was exposed to a two zone fire enclosure environment, with consistency and repeatability within each set of three experiments conducted at each fire severity level, evident from the enclosure gas temperature profiles. The results presented include heat release rates, enclosure and local gas temperatures, heat flux distributions, glass surface temperatures, shaded glass temperatures thermally induced stains, crack bifurcation patterns and loss of integrity of the glazing assembly. The results and observations obtained are presented in the form of a toolkit for the estimation of the occurrence of cracking and failure of single glazing in enclosure fires. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validation and field testing of library-independent microbial source tracking methods in the Gulf of Mexico

Water quality is frequently impacted by microbial pollution from human and animal feces. Microbial source tracking (MST) can identify dominant pollution sources and improve assessment of health risk compared to indicator bacteria alone. This study aims to standardize and validate MST methods across laboratories in coastal Gulf of Mexico states. Three laboratories evaluated library-independent MST methods for human sewage detection via conventional PCR: (1) human-associated Bacteroidales, (2) human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), and (3) Methanobrevibacter smithii. All methods detected targets in human sewage seeded into buffer, freshwater or marine water (100% sensitivity). The limit of detection (LOD) for human sewage was lowest for the Bacteroidales assay (10⁻⁵-10⁻⁶ dilution). LODs for HPyVs and M. smithii assays were similar to each other (10⁻³-10⁻⁴), but were higher than Bacteroidales. The HPyVs assay was 100% specific, showing no cross-reactivity to dog, cow, cat, bird, or wild animal feces among >300 samples from three Gulf Coast regions. The human Bacteroidales assay was 96% specific, but cross-reacted with 10% of dog and some chicken samples. The M. smithii assay was 98% specific with limited cross-reactivity with cow, dog and seagull samples. An experts’ workshop concluded that all methods showed sufficient accuracy and reliability to move forward. SOPs will be distributed to collaborating laboratories for further inter-laboratory comparison, and field validation will occur in year 2.     

Unusual Crystal Growth Kinetics of (RS)‐Ibuprofen from Ethanolic Solutions

The solubility, secondary nucleation threshold, and growth kinetics of (RS)‐ibuprofen have been studied in an aqueous ethanol solvent. The metastable zone for secondary nucleation is very narrow at lower temperatures in this range, but greatly enlarged at higher temperatures. The crystal growth kinetics not only display significant dispersion of growth rates, but also a dead zone that is dependent on the growth rates of the crystals. Faster growing crystals display almost no dead zone, whereas the smallest crystals have a large dead zone. The size of the dead zone is largely responsible for the dispersion of crystal growth rates, perhaps due to differences in the thermodynamic stability of the different crystals. The mechanism of growth rate dispersion relates to that of the dead zone.     

Combining near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as a tool to differentiate different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a metabolomic study

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained wide acceptance within the food and agriculture industries as a rapid analytical tool. NIR spectroscopy offers the advantage of rapid, non-destructive analysis and routine operation is simple and opens the possibility of using spectra to obtain the 'fingerprint' of a sample. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of combining visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, together with multivariate analysis, in establishing the function of genes, by investigating the metabolic profiles produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains sourced from the EUROSCARF yeast collection. Spectra (400-2500 nm) were acquired with a FOSS NIRSystems6500 (Foss NIRSystems), in transmittance mode. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used in order to visualize graphically the relative differences and similarities of yeast deletion strains. VIS and NIR spectroscopy showed great promise as a screening tool for both discriminating between yeast strains and grouping strains with deletions in genes that disturb similar metabolic pathways. These results indicate that the methods may be useful in defining the function of genes that produce no obvious phenotype.     

The supracaudal scent gland of the red foxVulpes vulpes

The supracaudal gland of the red fox consists of both tubular apocrine sweat glands and massively developed sebaceous glands. The gland is characterized by a high level of histochemically demonstrable hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (particularly -3 HSD) and by the presence of naturally fluorescent photolabile sebum constituents. Evidence suggests that these components may be carotenoid. Results are presented in the context of histological observations and are discussed in relation to scent production.     

黄河防汛指挥中心大楼无粘结预应力技术的应用

介绍了黄河防汛调度指挥中心办公大楼无粘结预应力砼施工,包括锚固体系的选用、张拉设备选型、张拉工艺的确定及各工序质量监测控制要点等.理论计算结合实际应用,得出了一些有益的经验.     

A System of Models for Fluid-Electrolyte Dynamics

In this paper, a number of models which have been developed for studying fluid-electrolyte equilibrium and imbalance is presented. Two levels of dynamics and control are considered corresponding to the physiological processes and the incorporation of such processes within the clinical dynamics of patient care. The large-scale simulations presented are used mainly for hypothesis testing or giving insight into the complex physiological dynamics, whereas the clinical models, which are smaller, are used for parameter estimation and predicting the evolving patient state. Computer simulation is central to these model developments in generating time responses for model identification, validation, and prediction. The paper examines the possible clinical application of the various models in the management of fluid-electrolyte disorders and indicates that features of each of them, integrated into a single implementation, could provide a system of practical clinical value.     

树立防汛抗旱新理念努力实现洪水资源化

"两个转变"对福建省防汛抗旱实践具有重要的指导作用.在控制洪水向洪水管理转变的探索中,工程体系是基础,管理规范化是关键,洪水资源化是方向,技术现代化是动力.在单一抗旱向全面抗旱转变中,福建省提出了全社会协同抗旱、以人为本抗旱、抗旱效益最大化的抗旱理念.