A first step towards a simple in-line shape compensation routine for the roll forming of high strength steel

The roll forming process is increasingly used in the automotive industry for the manufacture of structural and crash components from Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS). Due to the high strength of UHSS (<1GPa) even small and commonly observed material property variations from coil to coil can result in significant changes in material yield and through that affect the final shape of the roll formed component. This requires the re-adjustment of tooling to compensate for shape defects and maintain part geometry resulting in costly downtimes of equipment. This paper presents a first step towards an in-line shape compensation method that based on the monitoring of roll load and torque allows for the estimation of shape defects and the subsequent re-adjustment of tooling for compensation. For this the effect of material property variation on common shape defects observed in the roll forming process as well as measurable process parameters such as roll load and torque needs to be understood. The effect of yield strength and material hardening on roll load and torque as well as longitudinal bow is investigated via experimental trials and numerical analysis. A regression analysis combined with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques is employed to establish the relationships between the process and material parameters and to determine their percentage influence on longitudinal bow, roll load and torque. The study will show that the level of longitudinal bow, one of the major shape defects observed in roll forming, can be estimated by variations in roll load and torque.     

Learning to use new technologies by older adults: Perceived difficulties,experimentation behaviour and usability

This paper examines the factors and theoretical frameworks for the adoption of technology for older adults, and proposes two models of technology acceptance and rejection, one from an ease of learning perspective, and one from a system and user perspective. Both models are supported from reports on two case studies of older adults using handheld touchscreen tablet devices; one in which the participants are supported during tasks primarily related to walking and navigation, and one in which participants are unsupported in communication related tasks. The first study shows the powerful role that facilitating conditions have for learning how to use digital technologies for this user group, whether supporting through step by step guidance, providing a friendly space to use trial and error methods, and/or provision of a manual. The second study shows the pitfalls of a lack of facilitating conditions during initial use, and highlights potential for appropriate design in helping to avoid some user errors during this phase.     

Modeling and simulation for hybrid electric vehicles. I. Modeling

A model for the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain simulation has been constructed with a specific power control strategy for an electric-assisted HEV in parallel configuration. The HEV was built by the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Experimental procedures and data analysis for characterizing power output from the battery and the auxiliary power unit (APU) are presented. The model is implemented based on the empirical formulation and power control scheme, a power control strategy by means of throttle position. It also incorporates regeneration and regenerative braking for battery capacity recovery. The model allows for real time evaluation of a wide range of parameters in vehicle operation as a HEV, a pure electric vehicle, or as a conventional vehicle.     

Ion bombardment induced surface electrical degradation monitoring by means of luminescence in aluminas

Oxide ceramics for use as electrical insulators in future fusion devices, will be exposed to ionization and displacement damage (neutrons, gammas, ion bombardment). Enhanced oxygen loss due to ion bombardment increases surface electrical conductivity, and at the same time the surface emits light due to ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL). Results for 3 types of α-alumina and sapphire measuring electrical surface conductivity and IBIL as a function of dose at different temperatures between 20 and 200 °C, show a clear correlation between luminescence and surface electrical degradation. This indicates the potential to remotely monitor insulating material degradation not only in ITER and beyond, but also in the more immediate in-reactor experiments required for materials testing. Partial reduction of degradation by heating in air suggests the possibility for in situ recovery of the insulating properties.     

A developmental perspective on the study of depression: Children's evaluative reactions to sadness.

Examined developmental differences in emotional expression. It is suggested that there are cognitive and character structures that may be prerequisites for certain adult reactions to painful life events. The self-denigrating adult may be a discrepancy between self-representation and ideal self. In a child, these structures may not yet be stable enough to withstand such critical self-appraisal. 35 5- and 7-yr-olds were asked to give liking ratings to hypothetical children who had undergone a painful life event and to give evaluative ratings of themselves in the same situations. Older Ss evaluated a hypothetical other and themselves negatively, whereas the 5-yr-olds could not extend their negative evaluation of a sad other to themselves. Results are discussed in terms of developmental changes in the depressive reaction. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of market and technical downsizing in reducing carbon emissions from the Swedish new car fleet

Doubts have been raised on whether the car industry will manage to reach the goal set by the Voluntary Agreement with the European Commission, unless tougher measures are taken to reduce CO₂ emissions. Taking a stance from the concept of downsizing, we study the historical development of two strategies: first, shifting the market toward smaller cars, market downsizing; second, a technical downsizing, i.e., technical improvements that have enabled a reduction of engine size. We focus on the Swedish new car market from 1975 to 2002. Analysis is done by combining sales statistics with databases over car model parameters. The development of the top and bottom 10% and 20% of the car market of various parameters points to an increased differentiation of the market; still, the market share of small models remains low. We identify the potential for downsizing created by increase of maximum specific torque and power and conclude that these have enabled the cylinder volume to stabilize around 2 l. Increase in engine size has also partly been dampened by the utilization of supercharging. The potential savings of fuel use presented by the introduction of a sixth gear in manual gearboxes have not materialized since gearshifts have not systematically been used to lower engine speed. We conclude that there are few signs of a downsizing in the Swedish new car fleet. From a market perspective, larger cars are still dominant and the technical potentials to reduce engine size have not been harnessed.

A peculiar form of amicrobial pustulosis of the folds associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and other auto-immune diseases

This article continues the series of electronic microscopical investigations of tick attachment and host's inflammatory reaction in the attachment site. In all this works we used larvae of different Ixodid ticks but the same species of the host (white mouse), Ixodid species having different type of attachment. Dermacentor marginatus (Amosova, 1989a) is characterized by the superficial penetration of mouth parts, the abundance of cement around them and on the surface of the host's skin, the mouth parts of Hyalomma asiaticum are fully inserted and the superficial cement is minimal (Amosova, 1989b) and Ixodes ricinus has mouth parts inserted more deeply in the skin tissue of the host and the cement substance localised only on the surface of the skin at the 1st and 2nd days of feeding period. For this investigation we choose Haemaphysalis longicornis because it is known (see Kemp et al., 1982) that genus Haemaphysalis has the most superficial localisation of the mouth parts in the attachment site. We have studied a fine structure of cement cone and the cement substance surrounding the mouth parts in the skin and have demonstrated that it is very similar to the Dermacentor marginatus cement structure. The pattern of cellular response is similar to D. marginatus lesion too.     

Trauma, dissociation, and conflict: The space where neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychoanalysis overlap.

The authors describe their scientific and clinical interests in developing the panel Trauma, Dissociation, and Conflict: The Space Where Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, and Psychoanalysis Overlap, given at the 22nd Annual Spring Meeting of the Division of Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association. They cite the influence of the panelists, Philip M. Bromberg, Wilma Bucci, and Joseph LeDoux, on their own work. Specializing in the treatment of chronic pain, Anderson has developed a relational intersubjective technique informed by this interdisciplinary approach. Gold's work has focused on the distinction between dissociative processes and repression in traumatic memory. The relevance of trauma, dissociation, and conflict, heightened since September 11, 2001, could not have been anticipated in the planning of the panel. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Making Large‐Area Titanium Disulfide Films at Reduced Temperature by Balancing the Kinetics of Sulfurization and Roughening

The synthesis of large‐area TiS₂ thin films is reported at temperatures as low as 500 °C using a scalable two‐step method of metal film deposition followed by sulfurization in an H₂S gas furnace. It is demonstrated that the lowest‐achievable sulfurization temperature depends strongly on the oxygen background during sulfurization. This dependence arises because Ti? O bonds present a substantial kinetic and thermodynamic barrier to TiS₂ formation. Lowering the sulfurization temperature is important to make smooth films, and to enable integration of TiS₂ and related transition metal dichalcogenides—including metastable phases and alloys—into device technology.