梁之歌

北地里,千宅万户的屋梁受尽风欺雪压犹自温柔地抱着一团小小的燕巢。这是最温情的守候。人世间,千秋万代的屋梁穷尽一生之力,默默擎起身下各异的居所。这是最无私的担当。可古往今来,自喻有情的世人皆赞梁间燕,梁     

散记（10）

原来以为,21世纪遥远,代表未来。进入21世纪的头几年,没什么特殊感觉。转眼十年过去,快。不留神,整个21世纪可能就这么稀里糊涂地滑过去。     

散记（11）

春节后,有几节设计理论课。长时间磨设计,新鲜一回,调剂调剂。学生们大概认为跟老头儿真没公共语言。我没问。中国学生,问了也不会告诉你。我喜欢小孩儿,愿意跟学生聊天。时间有限,上来就布置作业：选个亲眼见过的建筑作品,观察和观点是自己的,图片是自己拍的,如果引用他人成果要详细注明,按你们学校论文的标准格式,工作量不大,3000字,也不小,因为都得是自己的话。     

A review of the impact of the RingRing study for multifunctional motorway tunnels in the Netherlands and beyond

In the early 1990s, it became clear that tunnelling as Dutch engineers knew was about to change fundamentally. Local governments, pressure groups and individuals had become aware of the added value that underground space technology (tunnelling) could bring, giving rise to the next generation of multifunctional road and rail tunnel projects. This article reports on the outcome of a landmark study that focused on the new opportunities that multifunctional tunnels for motorways offer: RingRing. The RingRing study includes a concise state-of-the-art exploration of path-finding projects, delivers a solid methodology for dealing with the many design decisions during the conceptual phase of the multidisciplinary project, proposes a set of generic concepts that respond to the four key challenges faced by multifunctional tunnels, conducts two showcase design study projects, and provides an overall analysis of the applicability of multifunctional tunnels for integrating orbital motorways in large cities such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Eight years after the publication of the RingRing study, the first projects it identified are built. Others projects have not yet made it off the drawing board. This article looks back to assess what has been accomplished and draws lessons learned in order to be able to improve future projects.     

Intracellularly Degradable Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymer Capsules

The assembly of low‐fouling polymer capsules with redox‐responsive behavior and intracellular degradability is reported. Thiol‐containing poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOxMA_SH) brushes are synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of oligo(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and subsequent ring‐opening reaction of the GMA. Sequential deposition of PEtOxMA_SH/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) multilayers onto silica (SiO₂) particle templates and crosslinking through disulfide formation yield stable capsules after the removal of the SiO₂ templates by buffered hydrofluoric acid (HF). The redox‐responsive nature of the disulfide crosslinking groups enables the degradation of these capsules under simulated intracellular conditions at pH 5.9 and 5 mm glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, capsule degradation is observed after incubation with dendritic (JAWS II) cells. Even at high capsule‐to‐cell ratios, PEtOxMA_SH capsules show only negligible cytotoxicity. Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) studies, using 100% human serum, reveal that films prepared from PEtOxMA_SH exhibit low‐fouling properties. The degradation and low‐fouling properties are promising for application of PEtOxMA_SH films/capsules for the delivery and triggered release of therapeutics.     

Temporal and spatial trends of perfluorinated compounds in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) from Greenland

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related compounds, have been identified as global pollutants and have shown their bioaccumulation into higher trophic levels in the food chain. PFCs have been found in remote areas far from sources, such as the Arctic. In this study spatial and temporal trends in the concentrations of selected PFCs were measured using archived liver samples of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) from East and West Greenland. The samples were collected in four different years at each location, between 1986 and 2003 in East Greenland and between 1982 and 2003 in West Greenland. PFOS was the major contributor to the burden of PFCs in samples, followed by perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were also detected in most samples. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) were only found sporadically. Perfluorooctanoic acid was not found in detectable concentrations in any sample. Regression analysis of logarithmic transformed PFOS, PFDA, and PFUnA median concentrations indicated a significant temporal trend with increasing concentrations at both locations. A spatial trend in PFOS concentrations (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) was observed between the two sampling locations, with significantly higher concentrations in seals from East Greenland.