Broad-Spectral-Range Sustainability and Controllable Excitation of Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in α-MoO3

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in orthorhombic-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO₃) show in-plane hyperbolicity, great wavelength compression, and ultralong lifetime, therefore holding great potential in nanophotonic applications. However, its polaritonic response in the far-infrared (FIR) range remains unexplored due to challenges in experimental characterization. Here, monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is used to probe HPhPs in α-MoO₃ in both mid-infrared (MIR) and FIR frequencies and correlate their behaviors with microstructures and orientations. It is found that low structural symmetry leads to various phonon modes and multiple Reststrahlen bands (RBs) over a broad spectral range (over 70 meV) and in different directions (55–63 meV and 119–125 meV along the b-axis, 68–106 meV along the c-axis, and 101–121 meV along the a-axis). These HPhPs can be selectively excited by controlling the direction of swift electrons. These findings provide new opportunities in nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications, such as directed light propagation, hyperlenses, and heat transfer.     

Cyclic thermal shock resistance of h-BN composite ceramics with La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 addition

The effects of La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ addition on the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), Young's modulus and cyclic thermal shock resistance of hot-pressed h-BN composite ceramics were investigated. The samples were heated to 1000 °C and then quenched to room temperature with 1–50 cycles, and the residual flexural strength was used to evaluate cyclic thermal shock resistance. h-BN composite ceramics containing 10 vol% La₂O₃–Al₂O₃ and 20 vol% SiO₂ addition exhibited the highest flexural strength, thermal conductivity and relatively low CTE, which were beneficial to the excellent thermal shock resistance. In addition, the viscous amorphous phase of ternary La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system could accommodate and relax thermal stress contributing to the high thermal shock resistance. Therefore, the residual flexural strength still maintained the value of 234.3 MPa (86.9% of initial strength) after 50 cycles of thermal shock.     

Association of solid fuel use with risk of stunting in children living in China

Stunting adversely affects physical and mental outcomes of children. It has not been examined whether household air pollution from solid fuel combustion is a risk factor for stunting in children. In a total of 41,439 children aged 6-17 across China, height was measured using a unified protocol. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of solid fuel use for cooking/heating with stunting in children. Adjusted for covariates, cooking/heating with solid fuel was significantly associated with a lower z-score for height for age and sex (β = −0.21 [−0.32 to −0.09] and −0.17 [−0.31 to −0.03], respectively) and an increased risk of stunting with an estimated ORs of 1.34 [1.07~1.68] and 1.37 [1.02~1.83], respectively. The risk of stunting associated with solid fuel use was statistically significant in high-age children. And the effect was greater on girls than on boys, though the difference was not statistically significant. Our study suggested that Chinese children living in households using solid fuel had a significantly higher risk of stunting than those living in households using cleaner fuel.     

裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展

由于尺度的限制,利用地震方法进行裂缝参数定量表征一直是地球科学的难题。基于裂缝性孔隙介质动态等效理论的频变AVAZ反演方法给出了研究思路。首先介绍了裂缝性孔隙介质的等效介质理论研究进展,分析比较了各种裂缝性储层岩石静态等效介质模型和动态等效介质模型;然后给出了基于Chapman模型的裂缝参数和渗透率定量表征的正问题数学模型以及反演问题求解的方法和策略,以及基于模型数据的数值计算结果;最后讨论了频变AVAZ反演方法目前存在的问题和进一步研究方向。     

黄浦江下游吴淞口站低潮位重现期研究

黄浦江为感潮河流,低潮位重现期的确定对黄浦江航道的设计具有重要意义。为了准确估计黄浦江低潮位的重现期,以黄浦江下游吴淞口站年最低潮位序列为例,在对样本进行三性审查的基础上,分别采用传统的数理统计方法和时变矩方法进行水文频率分析。结果表明:吴淞口站年最低潮位序列在1996年发生了变异;还现修正后的序列服从位置参数线性时变的GEV模型,低潮位存在缓慢的上升趋势;一致性条件下百年一遇低潮位约为0.261 m,在非一致性条件下其重现期增大为150 a。非一致性条件下的重现期增大说明黄浦江现有的航道设计标准偏安全,航道通航保证率提高。     

小像元红外探测器读出电路设计研究

介绍了基于SMIC 0.18 μm 3.3 V工艺设计研究的第一款小像元红外探测器读出电路,间距10 μm,规模1024×1024。文章详细介绍了像素输入级以及列级、输出级运放的设计,为提高线性摆伏,设计选用了低阈值NMOS管nmvt 33,仿真分析证明低阈值管nmvt 33的噪声性能优于普通管n 33；版图设计对关键信号线和敏感点采取隔离处理措施,对像元间串扰进行了仿真分析,有效控制了信号串扰。电路经测试使用各项功能正常,最大电荷处理能力达到4.3 Me-,动态范围≥65 dB,读出速率达到10 MHz,性能指标满足设计要求。     

Anchoring single Pt atoms on hollow Ag3VO4 spheres for improved activity towards photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction

The high cost of noble metal catalysts has been a great bottleneck for the catalyst industry. Using the noble metal at a single-atom level for catalytic applications could dramatically decrease the cost. The impacts of single Pt atoms on the photocatalytic performance of Ag₃VO₄ have been investigated and reported. In this report, single Pt atoms were anchored on the surface of Ag₃VO₄ (AVO) as a cocatalyst, and the resultant composite photocatalyst has been studied for photocatalytic H₂ production from water driven by visible light. The as-prepared AVO particles are hollow nanospheres in the monoclinic phase with a bandgap of 2.20 eV. The light absorption edge of AVO/Pt is slightly red-shifted compared to that of the pristine AVO, indicating more visible light absorption of AVO/Pt. The XPS peaks of Ag, V, and Pt exhibit a significant shift after AVO and Pt get into contact, suggesting the strong interaction between the surface Ag and V atoms, and single Pt atoms. After 3-h illumination, the photocatalytic H₂ evolution amount from AVO/Pt is improved up to 1400 μmol, which is 2.8 times that on the bare AVO. Such efficient photocatalytic H₂ evolution on AVO/Pt is still maintained after five reaction cycles. The better photocatalytic performance of AVO/Pt has been attributed to the more efficient visible light utilization and the lower interfacial charge transfer resistance, as demonstrated in the DRS and EIS spectra. The presence of the surface Pt atoms also leads to a higher amount of reactive radicals, which could efficiently promote the surface redox reactions.     

基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术及其应用

在地形起伏剧烈、速度和厚度横向变化大的地区，折射静校正技术的应用受到诸多限制，主要表现在不能准确地识别和拾取来自于地下连续地质界面的折射波，使得精确求取的长波长静校正量困难。为此，提出了一种基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术。介绍了这种静校正技术的方法原理和特点，基于对比折射法的折射波至拾取实质上是一个折射层的对比分析解释过程，因此能准确地拾取折射波至，精确地求解低速带的绝对延迟时；然后利用延迟时和近地表速度模型（等效，时深，空变）反演表层模型，最终一次性完成基准面静校正（包含低速带校正和高程校正）。在黄土塬、沙漠以及沙漠和山地的接合部等地区，利用基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术进行静校正处理，使资料的品质得到了明显改善，反射同相轴连续性好，信噪比和分辨率高，构造形态清晰可靠，提高了勘探精度。     

甲磺酸铜催化合成草酸二异戊酯

制备了甲磺酸铜催化剂,对其结构进行了IR和热重分析,并用于催化草酸和异戊醇的酯化反应。结果表明,甲磺酸铜具有催化活性高、稳定,易分离,重复使用性能优良,对环境友好的特点。最佳酯化工艺条件为:n(异戊醇):n(草酸)=2．8:1,w(甲磺酸铜)=0．3％,以过量的异戊醇为带水剂,回流反应2．0 h,酯化率可达到96．8％。