天津市非常规水资源利用现状分析

天津市属于水资源极其短缺的城市,对非常规水源进行开发利用研究尤为重要.在简述国内外非常规水利用进展和趋势的基础上,分析天津市非常规水利用状况,肯定成绩、寻找差距,为天津市非常规水进一步的有效开发利用提供参考和思路.     

Skeleton pruning as trade-off between skeleton simplicity and reconstruction error

The position and orientation of moving platform mainly depends on global positioning system and inertial navigation system in the field of low-altitude surveying, mapping and remote sensing and land-based mobile mapping system. However, GPS signal is unavailable in the application of deep space exploration and indoor robot control. In such circumstances, image-based methods are very important for self-position and orientation of moving platform. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces state of the art development of the image-based self-position and orientation method (ISPOM) for moving platform from the following aspects: 1) A comparison among major image-based methods (i.e., visual odometry, structure from motion, simultaneous localization and mapping) for position and orientation; 2) types of moving platform; 3) integration schemes of image sensor with other sensors; 4) calculation methodology and quantity of image sensors. Then, the paper proposes a new scheme of ISPOM for mobile robot — depending merely on image sensors. It takes the advantages of both monocular vision and stereo vision, and estimates the relative position and orientation of moving platform with high precision and high frequency. In a word, ISPOM will gradually speed from research to application, as well as play a vital role in deep space exploration and indoor robot control.     

基于线阵扫描方式下的机车车顶状态检测方法

针对机车车顶异物存在和瓷瓶受损影响机车运行安全的问题,本文提出了基于线阵扫描方式下的机车车顶状态检测方法。论文用两台黑白线阵相机乒乓采集车顶图像,基于车速将图像校正后拼接成全景图,并利用区域划分法来划分大场景车顶图片,最后用SIFT特征点提取、改进后的RANSAC图像配准等算法与模板图匹配来定位瓷瓶、查找异物。实验结果表明该方法快速、有效,能够准确地找出检测图中的异物和定位瓷瓶。     

基于．NET和MVC相结合的训练用器材管理系统的设计与实现

研究了MVC（Model-View-Controller）设计模式及．NET架构,在此基础上,提出了．NET框架下的MVC应用方案,将该方案应用到训练用器材管理系统的设计中。对训练用器材管理系统的功能模块、体系结构及数据库进行了详细设计,阐述了系统实现过程。     

基于C#与Viustools的物探虚拟实验系统及应用

目前地质院校物探专业教学中普遍存在学生数量与有限物探仪器的矛盾,给专业实验课和教学实习带来了困境。为了解决这个问题,应用C#,Viustools和数据库技术,较好地实现了物探仪器虚拟实验系统的设计,构建出高真实感的虚拟实验学习环境。投入教学应用后实践证明,利用虚拟实验方式去改革传统的实验教学模式,能够促进学生对实验设备和实验过程的理解和掌握,节约教学的时间和经费,提升教和学的效率,也便于教师进行针对性的教学,效果改善明显。     

无源性非线性控制策略的研究与应用

针对传统控制器在设计时常忽略与系统能量相关的问题,文中给出一种无源性控制策略,并将其应用于阻性负载的单相电流型PWM逆变器中。该控制策略主要是从能量角度分析逆变系统,根据在系统中注入阻尼,重新分布逆变系统能量的方法,使系统能够全局稳定。该方法无需将系统中的非线性因素完全抵消,即可实现电压、电流的渐近跟踪。仿真结果证明此无源性控制策略具有较好的鲁棒性,以及良好的稳态和动态性能,即使负载发生大范围变化,系统仍能保证稳定运行。据此也说明所述方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于粒子群算法的PID神经网络解耦控制

基于粒子群的优化算法具有对整个参数空间进行高效并行搜索的特点以及PID神经网络的自调节和自适应特性,设计了具有PID结构的多变量自适应神经网络控制器。该算法采用粒子群算法优化PID神经网络初始权值,并将优化后的最优初始权值控制非线性耦合系统。系统仿真结果表明,粒子群优化后的PID神经网络控制器具有逼近控制目标更快、响应时间较短的显著优点。该控制策略可在大范围内克服系统的非线性和强耦合问题,具有一定的理论研究价值和工程实用价值。     

Quantitative characterization of the focusing process and dynamic behavior of differently sized microparticles in a spiral microchannel

In this paper, a spiral microchannel was fabricated to systematically investigate particle dynamics. The focusing process or migration behavior of different-sized particles in the outlet region was presented. Specifically, for focused microparticles, quantitative characterization and analysis of how particles migrate towards the equilibrium positions with the increase in flow rate (De = 0.31–3.36) were performed. For unfocused microparticles, the particle migration behavior and the particle-free region’s formation process were characterized over a wide range of flow rates (De = 0.31–4.58), and the emergence of double particle-free regions was observed at De ≥ 3.36. These results provide insights into the design and operation of high-throughput particle/cell filtration and separation. Furthermore, using the location markers pre-fabricated along with the microchannel structures, the focusing or migration dynamics of different-sized particles along the spiral microchannel was systematically explored. The particle migration length effects on focusing degree and particle-free region width were analyzed. These analyses may be valuable for the optimization of microchannel structures. In addition, this device was successfully used to efficiently filter rare particles from a large-volume sample and separate particles of two different sizes according to their focusing states.     

基于数学形态学的棒材自动计数方法

针对图像中棒材存在粘连,从而造成误计数的问题,研究了一种基于数学形态学的棒材自动计数方案,以实现对棒材实时、精确的计数.该方案针对棒材类计数无需考虑被测物体截面真实形状的特点,将每根棒材处理成单个像素,避免了粘连对计数的影响.为有效克服光照、噪声的干扰以及棒材快速运动造成的图像模糊,该方案首先对采集到的原始棒材图像进行预处理,然后采用腐蚀、细化算法初步实现了棒材粘连的分离,最后采用收缩与检测直线端点算法,实现了单个像素点与原始图像棒材的一一对应,为后续计数奠定了基础.实验证明,该方法不仅能够保证棒材自动计数的精度,并且为棒材定支数包装创造了条件.