Single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis by CO disproportionation on nickel-incorporated MCM-41

Both Ni-?and Co-MCM-41 may be used for the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). We present a comparative investigation that demonstrates that smaller diameter SWNT with a narrower distribution of diameters are produced using Co-MCM-41. Temperature-programmed reduction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to measure the reducibility and metal cluster growth of Ni-?and Co-MCM-41 in He, H(2) and under CO disproportionation reaction. The differences between these two catalysts can be attributed to a greater reducibility of and a greater CO affinity for Ni relative to Co.     

Patterned assembly of genetically modified viral nanotemplates via nucleic acid hybridization

The patterning of nanoparticles represents a significant obstacle in the assembly of nanoscale materials and devices. In this report, cysteine residues were genetically engineered onto the virion surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), providing attachment sites for fluorescent markers. To pattern these viruses, labeled virions were partially disassembled to expose 5' end RNA sequences and hybridized to virus-specific probe DNA linked to electrodeposited chitosan. Electron microscopy and RNAase treatments confirmed the patterned assembly of the virus templates onto the chitosan surface. These findings demonstrate that TMV nanotemplates can be dimensionally assembled via nucleic acid hybridization.     

Character of Organic Matter in Soil-Aquifer Treatment Systems

The objective of this study was to investigate the character and fate of bulk organics in reclaimed water used for groundwater recharge via soil-aquifer treatment (SAT). The study design followed a watershed guided approach considering hydraulically corresponding samples of drinking water sources, SAT-applied wastewater effluents, and subsequent post-SAT samples representing a series of different travel times in the subsurface. Water samples were fractionated into hydrophobic acids, transphilic acids, and hydrophilic carbon using a XAD resin-based protocol. Extensive characterization of organic carbon in the different samples was performed using state-of-the-art analytical techniques including excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis. During SAT, transphilic and hydrophilic organic matter were preferentially removed. The results generally demonstrated that naturally derived (NOM) and effluent-derived organic matter after SAT overlap extensively in molecular weight distribution, amount and distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic carbon fractions, and chemical characteristics based on elemental analysis and 13C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. However, the residual portion of the dissolved organic carbon contained both effluent-derived organic matter and NOM.     

The window on psychology's literature: A history of psychological abstracts.

With the rapid expansion of scientific information at the end of the 19th century, disciplines sought ways to keep their members abreast of the relevant research. Those pressures were felt in the science of psychology in the United States, where psychologists developed a bibliographic aid, The Psychological Index, in 1895 only a little more than a decade after G. Stanley Hall opened America's first psychology laboratory. The Index was useful but was only a listing of titles. More information was needed, which led to the development of a journal of abstracts, first published in 1927. This article traces the history of Psychological Abstracts from its origins in the Index to the evolution of the American Psychological Association's electronic information system known as PsycINFO, of which Psychological Abstracts has become an outmoded part. Nevertheless, for most of its 80 years, Psychological Abstracts was psychology's window on the world of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of Seepage-Induced Nonhydrostatic Pressure Distribution on Bed-Load Transport and Bed Morphodynamics

Bed-load transport is commonly evaluated in the condition of a hydrostatic pressure distribution of the flow field; while this condition is reasonable for quasi-steady, quasi-uniform rectilinear flows, it cannot be satisfied in a large variety of flow conditions, i.e., near an obstacle as in the case of a bridge pier. The dimensionless Shields number, which contains the assumption of a hydrostatic pressure distribution in its denominator, therefore cannot be strictly applied to evaluate bed-load transport in all the configurations where nonhydrostatic pressure distributions are observed. In the present work, a generalization of the Shields number is proposed for the case of nonhydrostatic pressure distribution produced by groundwater flow. Experiments showing the effects of vertical groundwater flow on the bed morphodynamics are presented. The comparison between the experimental observations and numerical results, obtained by means of a morphodynamic model which employs the new formulation of the Shields number, suggests that the proposed generalization of the Shields number is able to account the effect of the nonhydrostatic pressure distribution on the bed-load transport.     

Putting off tomorrow to do what you want today: Planning for retirement.

In this article we note that in the coming years, a larger number of people will be experiencing retirement for a longer period of time than ever before and that despite this fact, many will find themselves unprepared for this stage of their lives. We review the literature on retirement preparation, structuring our review around the key questions that need to be addressed when planning for retirement: (a) What will I do? (b) How will I afford it? (c) Where will I live? and (d) Who will I share it with? We make a number of suggestions for research and practice. We conclude that although psychology has begun to play a role in understanding and addressing retirement preparation, there are considerable opportunities for psychologists to engage with this issue in their research and applied work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

An ecological analysis of research examining the experiences of students of color in graduate school.

This article critically reviews methodologies and theoretical orientations of 27 published empirical studies examining the graduate school experiences of students of color using Bronfenbrenner's (1979, 1994) bioecological model. Despite the urgent need for evidence-based approaches to increase the number of scholars of color, the findings in this review indicate an inadequate number of studies explaining how to realize that goal. Furthermore, much of the existing literature examined individual-level characteristics rather than how environmental factors benefit students. Specific recommendations for future ecological research are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of Data Sheets for Statistical Evaluation of Fatigue Data

  Instructions were developed for statistical analysis of the laboratory fatigue data step by step. Practical cases for solving several questions raised in the treatment of test data, which involved estimation of necessary sample size, verification of the statistical equivalence of the collated sets of data, and determination of characteristic curves in different cases, were given by using the methods and formulae in the document IIW XIII 2138 06 (best practice guide on the statistical analysis of fatigue data) as a demonstration of various statistical methods of developing a sound procedure for creating reliable calculation rules for the fatigue analysis.     

Do the eyes have it? More on expert eyewitness testimony.

Comments on M. McCloskey and H. E. Egeth's (see record 1984-06612-001) argument that psychologists should not give expert testimony concerning eyewitness reliability on the basis of psychological findings on perception and memory. The present author discusses the importance of process issues in legal situations and contests McCloskey and Egeth's conclusions concerning "overbelief" of eyewitness accuracy. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)