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891.
Parity space approach and H2 approach are two important fault detection approaches. This paper studies the relationship between these two approaches, which reveals frequency domain characteristics of the optimal solution of the parity space approach on the one side and provides a numerical solution of the H2-optimal design of residual generators on the other side. 相似文献
892.
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative disinfection technology to chlorination in recent years. In this study, we investigated the photoreactivation of Escherichia coli following medium-pressure (MP) UV disinfection of synthetic water by a bench-scale collimated beam apparatus. The UV doses ranged from 1.6 -19.7 mWs/cm2 and photoreactivation was investigated for 6 hours under fluorescent light. In addition, chloramination was applied after UV disinfection to investigate its ability to control photoreactivation. It was found that photoreactivation occurred for all UV doses tested and the increase in bacteria numbers ranged from 0.04 to 1.35 log10. However, the degree of photoreactivation decreased with increased UV doses. Chloramination experiments revealed that the addition of 0.5 mg/l of monochloramine resulted in suppression of photoreactivation for 1 hour only. An increased monochloramine dose of 1 mg/l was found to prevent photoreactivation for the entire duration of the experiment. The results of this study have shown that photoreactivation occurs even after MP UV disinfection, although it is of a lesser extent at higher UV doses. This study has also established that secondary chloramination can effectively suppress and eliminate photoreactivation with a chloramine dose of 1 mg/l. 相似文献
893.
894.
The Role of Network Topologies in the Optical Core of IP-over-WDM Networks with Static Wavelength Routing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Freire Mário M. Rodrigues Joel J.P.C. Coelho Rui M.F. 《Telecommunication Systems》2003,24(2-4):111-122
In this paper, we present a performance analysis of network topologies for the optical core of IP-over-WDM networks with static wavelength routing. The performance analysis is focused on regular degree four topologies, and, for comparison purposes, degree three topologies are also considered. It is shown that the increase of the nodal degree from three (degree three topology with smallest diameter) to four (degree four topology with smallest diameter) improves the network performance if a larger number of wavelengths per link is available. However, the influence of wavelength interchange on the nodal degree gain is small. The performance of regular degree four topologies with smallest diameter is also compared with the performance of mesh–torus topologies (which are also degree four topologies), and it is shown that the blocking probability of degree four topologies with smallest diameter is about two orders of magnitude lower than the blocking probability of mesh–torus topologies. It is also presented a performance comparison of WDM-based networks with nodal degrees ranging from two to five and it is shown that the increase of the nodal degree from two to three leads to high nodal degree gains, while de increase of the nodal degree from four to five leads to low nodal degree gains. These results show that degree three and degree four topologies are very attractive for use in the optical core of IP-over-WDM networks. 相似文献
895.
P. S. Koutsourelakis H. J. Pradlwarter G. I. Schuëller 《Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics》2004,19(4):409-417
The present paper is concerned with the estimation of structural reliability when a large number of random variables is present. A sampling technique which uses lines in order to probe the failure domain, is presented. The latter is employed in conjunction with a stepwise procedure which makes use of Markov Chains. The resulting algorithm exhibits accelerated convergence. 相似文献
896.
Cuddihy P. Hinman R.T. Avestruz A. Lupton E.C. Livshin G. Rodriguez J.I. Leeb S.B. Clark C.M. Horvath K.J. Volicer L. Landfeldt B. Kay J. Kummerfeld R. Quigley A. West D. Apted T. Sinclair G. Haniff D.J. Kalawsky R. Atkins D. Lewin M. Brown S.J. Shahmehri N. Aberg J. Maciuszek D. Chisalita I. 《Pervasive Computing, IEEE》2004,3(2):48-50
This issue's Works in Progress department presents six abstracts for projects that are developing interesting solutions to the elderly's quality of life challenges. The first two abstracts discuss projects that will help provide the elderly with freedom and independence by instrumenting their environments with supportive technology. The next two abstracts discuss projects building specialized user interfaces for addressing some of the challenges associated with aging, such as vision impairment. The final two abstracts present projects that will aid independence for the elderly by providing remote monitoring and assistance. 相似文献
897.
V. P. Uvarov 《Glass and Ceramics》2003,60(11-12):359-360
A method for constructing experimental models of drawing optical rods based on experimental data is considered. The models obtained make it possible to identify admissible technological parameter fluctuations in the range selected. 相似文献
898.
A signal intensity based maximum-likelihood (ML) target location estimator that uses quantized data is proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The signal intensity received at local sensors is assumed to be inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the target. The ML estimator and its corresponding Crameacuter-Rao lower bound (CRLB) are derived. Simulation results show that this estimator is much more accurate than the heuristic weighted average methods, and it can reach the CRLB even with a relatively small amount of data. In addition, the optimal design method for quantization thresholds, as well as two heuristic design methods, are presented. The heuristic design methods, which require minimum prior information about the system, prove to be very robust under various situations 相似文献
899.
Arnaud C. Feron P. Boustimi M. Grosso P. Bosc D. Guignard P. 《Electronics letters》2003,39(17):1249-1250
Numerical results on polymer surrounded by an air micro-ring coupled to waveguides are presented. The FDTD method predicts a filter width of 1.4 nm and an extraction efficiency of almost 80% for a gap of 0.15 /spl mu/m. 相似文献
900.
V. V. Vavilova V. M. Ievlev A. P. Isaenko Yu. E. Kalinin Yu. K. Kovneristyi N. A. Palii B. G. Sukhodolov V. N. Timofeev 《Inorganic Materials》2003,39(1):72-76
The effect of pulsed photon annealing with energy densities from 1.4 to 42 J/cm2 for various lengths of time on the structure of the amorphous alloy Fe79P14.2Si4.4Mn2.2V0.2 was studied by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that short-term irradiation with low energy densities leads to surface relaxation of the amorphous alloy, increases the strength of the surface layer, and reduces the internal-friction peak. Longer term photon annealing leads to crystallization of the alloy throughout the sample thickness. 相似文献