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预应力锚索属于隐蔽性工程。对其数值模拟研究的原理与方法作初步剖析,并在此基础上分别对预应力锚索(固)数值模拟在国内外的研究现状和进展进行研究与探讨。旨在总结前人数值模拟成果,分析观察现今数值模拟研究动态,从中获得相关启迪,指导以后的数值模拟研究工作。数值模拟可以综合利用其它各学科的研究成果,对复杂的锚固作用机理等问题作定量化求解分析。 相似文献
114.
Vibration cavitation erosion tests were carried out on Ni-Mn-Ga alloys of three different crystal structures: (1) the cubic austenite, (2) the non-modulated tetragonal martensite (T) and (3) the five-layered martensite (5M). All Ni-Mn-Ga alloys exhibited cavitation behaviour characterized by a step-wise curve of mass loss versus test time. This behaviour is correlated to the microstructural nature of the alloys as well as the surface conditions of the pre-test samples. The type and concentration of the defects at the surfaces were critical to the cavitation resistance of the alloys. The best cavitation resistant alloy was of a cubic austenitic structure, followed with the alloy of a tetragonal T-martensite. The largest material loss was found in the alloy with a 5M martensite. All the studied Ni-Mn-Ga alloys had an excellent cavitation resistance compared to that of the reference stainless steel, and they even excelled some NiTi alloys found in literature. This may be due to the superelasticity of the cubic austenite and the twinning of the martensitic phases. 相似文献
115.
In this work, we study dynamic provisioning of multicast sessions in a wavelength-routed sparse splitting capable WDM network
with an arbitrary mesh topology where the network consists of nodes with full, partial, or no wavelength conversion capabilities
and a node can be a tap-and-continue (TaC) node or a splitting and delivery (SaD) node. The objectives are to minimize the
network resources in terms of wavelength-links used by each session and to reduce the multicast session blocking probability.
The problem is to route the multicast session from each source to the members of every multicast session, and to assign an
appropriate wavelength to each link used by the session. We propose an efficient online algorithm for dynamic multicast session
provisioning. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we apply the integer linear programming (ILP) optimization tool on a per
multicast session basis to solve off-line the optimal routing and wavelength assignment given a multicast session and the
current network topology as well as its residual network resource information. We formulate the per session multicast routing
and wavelength assignment problem as an ILP. With this ILP formulation, the multicast session blocking probability or success
probability can then be estimated based on solving a series of ILPs off-line. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed
online algorithm via simulation in terms of session blocking probability and network resources used by a session. Simulation
results indicate that our proposed computationally efficient online algorithm performs well even when a fraction of the nodes
are SaD nodes. 相似文献
116.
Wei Li Zhang Wei Pan Bin Luo Xi Hua Zou Meng Yao Wang 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2008,20(9):712-714
A theoretical construction of one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) chaos synchronization communications using semiconductor lasers is presented. One center laser provides strong injections (strong link) to other side lasers, and the side lasers also provide weak injections (weak link) to the center one. Simulation results show that the side lasers synchronize with the center laser through injection-locking. In addition, messages transmitted via the strong links or the weak links experience strong chaos pass filtering, enabling us to realize OTM and MTO communications. 相似文献
117.
Bin Xie Shi X.Q. Han Ding 《Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on》2008,31(2):361-369
In an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) assembly, the electrical conduction is usually achieved with the conductive particles between the bumps of integrated circuit (IC) and corresponding conductive tracks on the glass substrate. Fully understanding of the mechanical and electrical characteristics of ACA particles can help to optimize the assembly process and improve the reliability of ACA interconnection. Most conductive particles used in the ACA assembly are with cracks in the metal coating of the particles after the ACA bonding. This paper introduced the fracture analysis by applying the cohesive elements in the numerical model of the nickel-coated polymer particle and further simulating the cracks initiation and propagation in the nickel coating during the ACA bonding. The simulation results showed that the stress distribution on the nickel-coated particle with cracks was significantly different from that on the nickel-coated particle without crack, indicating that the stress analysis by taking the crack into consideration is very important for the reliability assessment of the ACA interconnection. The stress analysis of cohesive elements indicated that the cracks initiated at the central area of the nickel coating and propagated to the polar area. Furthermore, by the introduction of a new parameter of the virtual resistance, a mathematical model was established to describe the electrical characteristics of the nickel-coated particle with cracks. The particle resistance of the nickel-coated particle with cracks was found to be much higher than that of the particle without crack in the optimized bonding pressure range, indicating that it is necessary to take the crack into consideration for the particle conduction analysis as well. Therefore, the fracture analysis on the conductive particle by taking the crack into consideration could accurately evaluate the reliability of ACA interconnection and avoid serious reliability issues. 相似文献
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The main difficulty with EM algorithm for mixture model concerns the number of components, say g. This is the question of model selection, and the EM algorithm itself could not estimate g. On the contrary, the algorithm requires g to be specified before the remaining parameters can be estimated. To solve this problem, a new algorithm, which is called stepwise split-and-merge EM (SSMEM) algorithm, is proposed. The SSMEM algorithm alternately splits and merges components, estimating g and other parameters of components simultaneously. Also, two novel criteria are introduced to efficiently select the components for split or merge. Experimental results on simulated and real data demonstrate the effectivity of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
120.