Long term assessment of a hybrid electrochemical treatment

Monitoring the performance of systems installed to protect against/halt the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is essential in ensuring that the reinforcing bar (rebar) is adequately protected and remains in a non‐corroding state. A chloride contaminated concrete test block containing a hybrid anode system has been periodically monitored over the past 4.5 years to assess the anode current output and thus, the protection offered to the steel. De‐polarisation and impedance analysis data have been acquired to calculate steel corrosion rates. Both tests indicated that the steel was passive in the concrete environment and that the anode was able to protect all of the embedded steel despite the difficult geometry of the sample. It was also found that after 2 years it was still possible to drive a high current from the installed anode.     

The story of N: a social history of the nitrogen cycle and the challenge of sustainability

The assimilation and subsequent elimination of cobalt‐60 by different marine organisms are affected by the mode of contamination: chronic or acute. Experimental cobalt‐60 Contamination of such organisms varies qualitatively and quantitatively according to whether the pollutant is transferred through the water or through the food. The concentration factor with respect to water, the transfer factor through food and the overall contamination estimate show a decrease for the highest trophic levels.     

The TPTP Problem Library and Associated Infrastructure

This paper describes the First-Order Form (FOF) and Clause Normal Form (CNF) parts of the TPTP problem library, and the associated infrastructure. TPTP v3.5.0 was the last release containing only FOF and CNF problems, and thus serves as the exemplar. This paper summarizes the history and development of the TPTP, describes the structure and contents of the TPTP, and gives an overview of TPTP related projects and tools.     

A cost-benefit analysis of increased investment in Melbourne's public transport system

Abstract

The paper considers economic effects of increased investment in public transport in Melbourne, based on investment plans of VicRail and the M.M.T.B. over a 5 year period, 1981–5. If the investment were to encourage a shift in patronage from private to public transport, this would change the magnitude of costs associated with passenger transport in Melbourne. Calculations are made of these possible cost savings, given particular levels of shift in patronage. The paper concludes by reviewing the feasibility of achieving given patronage changes.