The single fiber composite test: A comparison of E‐glass fiber fragmentation data with statistical theories

Novel difunctional and tetra functional organically modified ceramics with methacrylate functional groups were developed from liquid precursors using the sol–gel process. These novel inorganic–organic hybrid materials were characterized using various techniques and used for the preparation of visible light cure dental restoratives, which have good mechanical properties and excellent surface hardness. Effect of cure time on vickers hardness of cured composite was measured, and compared with that of the bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis GMA) based composite. Statistical evaluation using analysis of variance (single factor) showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference in diametral tensile strength and hardness with variation in inorganic content. Also a significantly improved hardness was obtained for the new organically modified ceramic composite compared with BisGMA based composite at all exposure time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

A recency-based account of the primacy effect in free recall.

Seven experiments investigated the role of rehearsal in free recall to determine whether accounts of recency effects based on the ratio rule could be extended to provide an account of primacy effects based on the number, distribution, and recency of the rehearsals of the study items. Primacy items were rehearsed more often and further toward the end of the list than middle items, particularly with a slow presentation rate (Experiment 1) and with high-frequency words (Experiment 2). Recency, but not primacy, was reduced by a filled delay (Experiment 3), although significant recency survived a filled retention interval when a fixed-rehearsal strategy was used (Experiment 4). Experimenter-presented schedules of rehearsals resulted in similar serial position curves to those observed with participant generated rehearsals (Experiment 5) and were used to confirm the main findings in Experiments 6 and 7. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The chemical and physical characteristics of cod oil

REFERENCE to the above chart shows that there are scarcely any two samples that have the same chemical and physical characteristics. Such information shows that there is a very definite need for developing standards for cod liver oil intended for industrial use. Establishing standards for cod oil would have a twofold effect. It would cause the cod oil producer so to control production conditions that he could supply the trade with cod oil of uniform quality which complied with the established standards. This in turn would provide the tanner with a standardized cod oil which would be of material assistance in the manufacture of uniform leather. This would particularly apply in the manufacture of chamois leather which involves a chemical rection between collagen, the leather forming substance of the skin, and the fatty acids of an easily oxidizable oil such as cod oil. Thus it is evident that there is a definite need for developing standards for cod oil. It is also obvious that the adoption and use of such standards by the trade would serve to stabilize the cod oil industry which is now controlled by empirical procedures.     

SNS stripper foil development program

When the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) becomes fully operational it will be the world's highest intensity neutron spallation source. The charge-exchange injection section in the accumulator ring, which strips the injected H⁻ beam to H⁺, requires a stripper foil 260 μg/cm² thick, 12 mm wide, a height of at least 20 mm, and support from just the top edge. The foil will get very hot due to the 1.4 MW, 1 GeV, 60 Hz H⁻ beam that passes through the foil, in addition to the 7–10 foil traversals each circulating proton makes through the foil. The planned upgrade to 3 MW beam power presents an even greater challenge. To meet this challenge a diamond foil development program has been underway at ORNL since 2001. Both microcrystalline and nanocrystalline foils have been developed and tested. In this paper we will discuss the SNS injection process, stripper foil requirements, and results from the diamond foil development and testing program.     

Dual inhibition of human type 4 phosphodiesterase isostates by (R, R)-(+/-)-methyl 3-acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3- methyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate

Purified recombinant human type 4 phosphodiesterase B2B (HSPDE4B2B) exists in both a low- and a high-affinity state that bind (R)-rolipram with Kd's of ca. 500 and 1 nM, respectively [Rocque, W. J., Tian, G., Wiseman, J. S., Holmes, W. D., Thompson, I. Z., Willard, D. H., Patel, I. R., Wisely, G. B., Clay, W. C., Kadwell, S. H., Hoffman, C. R., and Luther, M. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14250-14261]. Since the tissue distribution of the two isostates may be significantly different, development of inhibitors that effectively inhibit both forms may be advantageous pharmacologically. In this study, enzyme inhibition and binding of HSPDE4B2B by (R, R)-(+/-)-methyl 3-acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl-1-pyrrolidin ecarboxylate (1), a novel inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4), were investigated. Binding experiments demonstrated high-affinity binding of 1 to HSPDE4B2B with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Inhibition of PDE activity showed only a single transition with an observed Ki similar to the apparent Kd determined by the binding experiments. Deletional mutants of HSPDE4B2B, which have been shown to bind (R)-rolipram with low affinity, were shown to interact with 1 with high affinity, indistinguishable from the results obtained with the full-length enzyme. Bound 1 was completely displaced by (R)-rolipram, and the displacement showed a biphasic transition that resembles the biphasic inhibition of HSPDE4B2B by (R)-rolipram. Theoretical analysis of the two transitions exemplified in the interaction of (R)-rolipram with HSPDE4B2B indicated that the two isostates were nonexchangeable. Phosphorylation at serines 487 and 489 on HSPDE4B2B had no effect on the stoichiometry of binding, the affinity for binding, or the inhibition of the enzyme by 1. These data further illustrate the presence of two isostates in PDE 4 as shown previously for (R)-rolipram binding and inhibition. In contrast to (R)-rolipram, where only one of the two isostates of PDE 4 binds with high affinity, 1 is a potent, dual inhibitor of both of the isostates of PDE 4. Kinetic and thermodynamic models describing the interactions between the nonexchangeable isostates of PDE 4 and its ligands are discussed.     

Wafer fusion: materials issues and device results

A large number of novel devices have been recently demonstrated using wafer fusion to integrate materials with different lattice constants. In many cases, devices created using this technique have shown dramatic improvements over those which maintain a single lattice constant. We present device results and characterizations of the fused interface between several groups of materials