UV-C-inactivation of microorganisms in naturally cloudy apple juice using novel inactivation equipment based on Dean vortex technology

A novel UV-C irradiation device in laboratory scale was tested for its potential to inactivate bacteria in naturally cloudy apple juice. In this device, liquid flows through a helically wound tubing wrapped around a quartz glass tube containing a 9 W UV lamp with an irradiation intensity of 60 W/m² at 254 nm. The equipment was capable of reducing numbers of inoculated Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus brevis from an initial concentration of approximately 10⁶ CFU/ml or 10⁴ CFU/ml to below detectable limits in commercial naturally cloudy apple juice at a flow rate of 2 l/h, and to well below 1 × 10² also at higher flow rates of 4 and 8 l/h. Numbers of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be reduced from an initial level of ca. 1 × 10⁴–1 × 10² CFU/ml or less at flow rates of 2 and 4 l/h. Although E. coli could be effectively inactivated also in self-extracted, as well as industrially processed apple juice, contaminating yeast and lactic acid bacteria were not completely eliminated.     

An optical flow-based method to predict infantile cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a perinatally acquired nonprogressive brain damage resulting in motor impairment affecting mobility and posture. Early identification of infants with CP is desired to target early interventions and follow-up. During early infancy, distinct motion patterns occur which are highly predictive for later disability. These motor patterns can be observed and recorded. In this paper, a method to predict later CP based on early video recordings of the infants' spontaneous movements, applying optical flow and statistical pattern recognition, is presented. We extract motion information from video recordings of young infants using a total variation related optical flow method. By using wavelet analysis features from motion trajectories of points initiated on a regular grid were extracted and classified using a support vector machine.     

Predictive Current Control for Multilevel Active Rectifiers With Reduced Switching Frequency

In this paper, a new low-frequency predictive current control is proposed for a single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel rectifier. The control method has been fully investigated with theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiments on a laboratory prototype with five series-connected H-bridges. However, the analysis and technique are valid for any general level structure. The simulations and experimental results presented demonstrate the excellent performance of the predictive control in terms of AC current waveform quality, power factor, and reduced switching frequency of each bridge, in comparison to traditional control schemes.     

Effiziente CFD-Simulationen zur Berechnung des Schleppmoments nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Abgleich mit Prüfstandmessungen

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Nasslaufende Lamellenkupplungen und -bremsen stellen eine wichtige Baugruppe von modernen lastschaltbaren Getrieben, Schlepper-Bremsen sowie...     

Spontanschädigungsverhalten von nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen mit organischen und metallischen Reibbelägen

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Ausfälle von Lamellenkupplungen sind aufgrund der oftmals sicherheitsrelevanten Funktionen, die diese in Antriebssträngen übernehmen,...     

Comparing Data Sources for Condition Monitoring Suitability

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - In our global competitive markets, industrial companies are forced to strive for the best achievable economic efficiency. This is valid for the whole product life...     

Influence of base material,tempered condition and hardening pattern on the residual stress profile of induction hardened gears

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - This paper discusses influences of the base material, pre-heat treatment and hardening pattern on the residual stresses of induction hardened gears with module 2 and...     

Efficient CFD Simulation Model for a Planetary Gearbox

Planetary gears are used to transmit power at high gear ratios in limited space. Typical applications are drive trains in the automotive industry, e.?g. in cars, trucks and buses. The oil distribution in planetary gearboxes is difficult to predict. There is only basic knowledge about lubrication designs with effective oil distribution and high efficiency. Advanced methods are very helpful in improving the design of planetary gearboxes in respect of their lubrication.In recent years, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) has become a valuable tool for simulating the oil distribution in gearboxes. By comparison with experimental and empirical methods, CFD provides oil distribution simulation results and can be applied to arbitrary geometries. However, CFD simulations tend to require comparatively high computing time and capacities. Therefore, efficient CFD simulation models are required, especially for complex gearbox topologies.Within the framework of this study, a finite volume CFD model of a dip-lubricated planetary test gearbox has been developed. It includes the modelling of all gear meshes and bearings and has a very high level of detail. The element number was reduced as far as reasonable possible, resulting in little computing time with regard to the modeling depth. Moreover, the computational effort was further reduced by considering the bearings to be static. Through use of the developed simulation model, the influence of different parameters was investigated. This work will help to improve the lubrication design of planetary gearboxes.     

Alternative microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Case hardening is one of the most common heat treatment processes for highly loaded shafts and gears. Due to numerous investigations, a microstructure...