Rehydration kinetics at 5 and 15 °C of dry salted meat

The surface of meat products during intermittent drying is successively subjected to dehydration and rehydration processes. The aim of this paper was to study the rehydration kinetics at two temperatures (5 and 15 °C) of salted ground pork, (2% or 4% NaCl) dried to different water contents, (10%, 20% and 35%) using Peleg and Weibull’s models. Surface structure of dried samples was analyzed with electron microscopy and related to rehydration kinetics. The equilibrium water content decreased with temperature and increased with NaCl, but was not affected by the initial water content. The rehydration rate at the beginning decreased with water content and was significantly higher at 5 °C than at 15 °C, but it was not significantly affected by NaCl content. However, the equilibrium water decreased with temperature and tended to increase with NaCl content, but was not affected by the initial water content. High level of dehydration resulted in a more damaged and porous meat matrix. This microstructure may contribute to accelerating the rehydration process.     

细菌纤维素合成菌株发酵条件的考察

菌株QAX0 2 1 9# 进行液态发酵可产生不溶性的凝胶膜 ,通过纤维素酶水解等实验确定其发酵产物为纤维素 ,同时研究了乙醇、溶氧含量、培养方式以及接种量对菌体合成纤维素的影响。结果为 :以 8%接种量 ,在发酵培养基中添加一定量的乙醇 ,可显著提高纤维素产量     

In vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin A

Aureobasidin A (AbA), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by Aureobasidium pullulans R106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. Here we report the inhibitory effects of AbA on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, P. expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of fruits. AbA inhibited five pathogenic fungi by reducing conidial germination rates, delaying conidial germination initiation, restricting elongation of germ tuber and mycelium, as well as inducing abnormal alternations of morphology of germ tubes and hyphae of these fungi. The sensitivity of these fungi to AbA was pathogen species-dependent. P. digitatum was the most sensitive and M. fructicola the least. Importantly, AbA at 50 microg/ml was effective in controlling the citrus green mold and in reducing the strawberry gray mold incidence and severity, caused by P. digitatum and B. cinerea, respectively, after artificial inoculation. AbA and/or its analogs, therefore, hold promise as relatively safe and promising fungicide candidates to control postharvest decays of fruits, because AbA targets the inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase, an enzyme essential for fungi but absent from mammals.     

基于LABVIEW的柴油／酒精双燃料发动机燃料控制装置的研究

针对目前柴油/酒精双燃料发动机燃料系混合比难于控制，导致柴油，酒精双燃料发动机的研究发展缓慢的现状，在不改变发动机供油系统的前提下，利用LABVIEW软件自带的虚拟仪器设计双燃料喷射系统，实现柴油，酒精混合比的人为控制。     

大、小飞扬草中锌铁锰微量元素的测定

目的:测定大、小飞扬草中Zn、Fe、Mn三种微量元素的含量。方法:硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)分解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定。结果:大、小飞扬草中三种微量元素存在差异,其中大飞扬草中元素含量大小为:Fe>Mn>Zn,小飞扬草中上述元素含量为:Fe>Zn>Mn。回收率在97.0%~106.0%之间,RSD<2.1%。结论:大、小飞扬草中三种微量元素含量的差异测定可为进一步研究其药效与有关微量元素关系提供一定参考。     

Growth of silicon nitride films by bombarding amorphous silicon with N ions: MD simulation

In this study, the molecular dynamics simulation method was employed to investigate the growth of silicon nitride films by using N⁺ ions, with energies of 50, 100, 150 and 200 eV, to bombard an amorphous silicon surface at 300 K. After an initial period of N⁺ bombardment, saturation of the number of N atoms deposited on the surface is observed, which is in agreement with experiments. During subsequent steady state deposition, a balance between uptake of N by the surface and sputtering of previously deposited N is established. The Si(N_x) (x = 1-4) and N(Si_y) (y = 1-3) bond configurations in the grown films are analyzed.     

国内电梯钢丝绳的需求与生产研发

分析国内电梯钢丝绳的需求,指出一般级别电梯钢丝绳市场供大于求,高速、超高速电梯钢丝绳生产能力不足,仍需从国外进口。介绍国内电梯钢丝绳企业的生产技术水平和产品实物质量水平,指出国内电梯钢丝绳生产的发展态势及产品研发方向是发展锻打电梯钢丝绳、双强度电梯钢丝绳、复合结构电梯钢丝绳。     

低渗透油藏中不同压裂注采井网非稳态产量计算分析

在井网压裂基础上进行注水,可以有效改善流场,增大泄油面积,是开发低渗透油藏的重要手段。快速准确预测低渗透油藏注水开发产量可以为开发优化设计奠定基础,但低渗透油藏注水开发呈现非稳态、非线性渗流特征,基于达西定律形成的油藏工程方法并不适用。本次研究通过流场分析,来划分等效流动单元,并在此基础上考虑了油水两相渗流启动压力梯度,采用流线积分法建立了不同压裂注采井网的水驱非稳态产量解析计算方法。与物理模拟及数值模拟相比,计算方法更简单,计算速度更快,可以为低渗透油藏压裂注采方式优选及注水开发对策制定提供手段。采用本方法计算并剖析了启动压力梯度、压裂注采方式及裂缝长度对油井生产动态的影响,结果表明：启动压力梯度增大了渗流阻力,与不考虑启动压力梯度相比,油井产量更低;受流动单元控制,不同压裂注采方式的增产效果及见水时间完全不同,同时压裂注采方式的增产效果最好,能够增产3.1倍,但见水时间仅为24个月;随着压裂缝长增加,油井产量越高,但当缝长超过最佳长度,增油效果不明显。     

VUV photoluminescence properties of KSrPO4:Dy3+ phosphor

White-light-emitting phosphors based on phosphate host matrix, KSrPO_4 doped with Dy~(3+), were prepared by solid state reaction and their VUV luminescent properties were firstly investigated. The excitation band peaking at 125-153 nm corresponding to the absorption of PO_4~(3-) group exhibits very strong absorption. The phosphors emit warm-white luminescence under vacuum ultraviolet excitation of 147 nm, which consists of three main emission peaks located at 475, 570 and 662 nm, respectively.According to the luminescence and color chromaticity of the optimal sample KSrPO_4:1 mol%Dy~(3+),1.3 mol%Li~+, it can be a potential candidate for mercury-free fluorescent lamps.