Oxygen Transfer Model for a Flow-Through Hollow-Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor

A mechanistic oxygen transfer model was developed and applied to a flow-through hollow-fiber membrane-aerated biofilm reactor. Model results are compared to conventional clean water test results as well as performance data obtained when an actively nitrifying biofilm was present on the fibers. With the biofilm present, oxygen transfer efficiencies between 30 and 55% were calculated from the measured data including the outlet gas oxygen concentration, ammonia consumption stoichiometry, and oxidized nitrogen production stoichiometry, all of which were in reasonable agreement. The mechanistic model overpredicted the oxygen transfer by a factor of 1.3 relative to the result calculated from the outlet gas oxygen concentration, which was considered the most accurate of the measured benchmarks. A mass transfer coefficient derived from the clean water testing with oxygen sensors at the membrane-liquid interface was the most accurate of the predictive models (overpredicted by a factor of 1.1) while a coefficient determined by measuring bulk liquid dissolved oxygen underpredicted the oxygen transfer by a factor of 3. The mechanistic model was found to be an adequate tool for design because it used the published diffusion and partition coefficients rather than requiring small-scale testing to determine the system-specific mass transfer coefficients.     

Internship placements: Similarities and differences between clinical and counseling psychology programs.

Internship matches among students within clinical (n = 2,130) and counseling (n = 450) psychology doctoral training programs were examined for a complete cohort of intern applicants. The overall rates of successful internship matching, as well as the rankings of those matches, were similar for the 2 specialties. The settings of those internship matches revealed significant differences, however. Clinical psychology students matched at higher rates to a range of medical facilities, for example, whereas counseling psychology students matched at higher rates to counseling center settings. These and other differences were examined in relation to the historical and enduring differences between the 2 specialties and their implications for education, training, and practice within the field of professional psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of informational valence and occupational favorability on vocational differentiation: A test of the disconfirmation hypothesis.

Disliked occupations and negative occupational information have been associated with higher levels of vocational differentiation. This study develops and tests a disconfirmation hypothesis that accounts for and qualifies both of these findings. Results of a 2 (gender)?×?2?(favorable vs unfavorable occupations)?×?3?(positive vs negative vs mixed valence information) between-Ss factorial design supported predictions; negative information was linked to higher vocational differentiation when Ss evaluated favorable occupational alternatives, and positive information was related to higher vocational differentiation only when Ss evaluated unfavorable occupations. Apparently, information that disconfirms prior career expectations increases vocational differentiation, whereas information that confirms prior expectations decreases vocational differentiation, providing a basis for reconceptualization of nearly 2 decades of work in this area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The WISC-III: Everything old is new again.

Studied the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd Edition (WISC-III), the most recent of the tests in the Wechsler series. Like its predecessor, the WISC—Revised (WISC—R), the WISC-III is structured into verbal and performance sections, but unlike other Wechsler tests, a procedure is provided for calculating factor scores. The materials are an improvement over the WISC—R. They are colorful, contemporary, easy to administer, and appear enjoyable to children. The standardization is excellent, as is reliability. However, weaknesses exist in the factor structure, especially the inclusion of a freedom from distractibility factor, and calls for caution in interpretation. Treatment validity remains a problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship imperative: Arguments for a broad definition of attachment.

S. Goldberg, J. E. Grusec, and J. M. Jenkins (see record 1999-15264-001) argued that an evolutionary model restricted to the protective function of parent–infant relationships provides a distinctive focus for attachment theory. An alternative model that assumes that the evolutionary advantage of the attachment system is based on the imperative that parents and infants develop a stable relationship may be more consistent with modern evolutionary theory as well as current advances in attachment research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SEBASS hyperspectral thermal infrared data: surface emissivity measurement and mineral mapping

This study focuses on mapping surface minerals using a new hyperspectral thermal infrared (TIR) sensor: the spatially enhanced broadband array spectrograph system (SEBASS). SEBASS measures radiance in 128 contiguous spectral channels in the 7.5- to 13.5-μm region with a ground spatial resolution of 2 m. In September 1999, three SEBASS flight lines were acquired over Virginia City and Steamboat Springs, Nevada. At-sensor data were corrected for atmospheric effects using an empirical method that derives the atmospheric characteristics from the scene itself, rather than relying on a predicted model. The apparent surface radiance data were reduced to surface emissivity using an emissivity normalization technique to remove the effects of temperature. Mineral maps were created with a pixel classification routine based on matching instrument- and laboratory-measured emissivity spectra, similar to methods used for other hyperspectral data sets (e.g. AVIRIS). Linear mixtures of library spectra match SEBASS spectra reasonably well, and silicate and sulfate minerals mapped remotely, agree with the dominant minerals identified with laboratory X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopic analyses of field samples. Though improvements in instrument calibration, atmospheric correction, and information extraction would improve the ability to map more pixels, these hyperspectral TIR data nevertheless show significant advancement over multispectral thermal imaging by mapping surface materials and lithologic units with subtle spectral differences in mineralogy.     

Data semantics for improving retrieval performance of digital newsvideo systems

We propose a novel four-step hybrid approach for retrieval and composition of video newscasts based on information contained in different metadata sets. In the first step, we use conventional retrieval techniques to isolate video segments from the data universe using segment metadata. In the second step, retrieved segments are clustered into potential news items using a dynamic technique sensitive to the information contained in the segments. In the third step, we apply a transitive search technique to increase the recall of the retrieval system. In the final step, we increase recall performance by identifying segments possessing creation-time relationships. A quantitative analysis of the performance of the process on a newscast composition shows an increase in recall by 59 percent over the conventional keyword-based search technique used in the first step     

MSCML协议:下一代多媒体SIP业务的关键

多媒体通信正促使着传统电路交换网络向下一代IP 基础架构转变,网络拓扑的这一转变使得业务提供商推出 下一代基于IP通信技术的全新多媒体业务成为可能,而这 些新业务成功的关键在于控制和信令协议。作为两项基本 的控制和信令协议,MSCML和NETANN规范最初都是由     

The Case for Analog Circuit Verification

The traditional approach to validate analog circuits is to utilize extensive SPICE-level simulations. The main challenge of this approach is knowing when all important corner cases have been simulated. A new alternative is to utilize formal verification techniques. This paper utilizes a simple example to illustrate the potential flaws of a simulation-only based validation methodology and the potential benefits of formal verification of analog circuits.