Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness.

Six hundred fifty-two employees composing 51 work teams participated in a study examining relationships among team composition (ability and personality), team process (social cohesion), and team outcomes (team viability and team performance). Mean, variance, minimum, and maximum were 4 scoring methods used to operationalize the team composition variables to capture the team members' characteristics. With respect to composition variables, teams higher in general mental ability (GMA), conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability received higher supervisor ratings for team performance. Teams higher in GMA, extraversion, and emotional stability received higher supervisor ratings for team viability. Results also show that extraversion and emotional stability were associated with team viability through social cohesion. Implications and future research needs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using hybrid ionized physical vapor deposition to control interface reaction during titanium deposition onto aluminum under-layer

For via structures landed on aluminum (Al) lines, ionized metal plasma (IMP) titanium (Ti) liner deposition can induce high via resistance as a result of the reaction between high energy Ti ions and the Al under-layer. The scale of the interface reaction is a function of the energy of the incoming Ti ions. A method to minimize the Ti/Al interface reaction is to introduce a thin protection layer over the Al under-layer prior to IMP Ti liner deposition. A convenient way to implement this method is to use a hybrid process, in which a Ti protection layer is first deposited in non-ionized mode prior to IMP Ti deposition. Hybrid ionized physical vapor deposition has been confirmed to be effective in minimizing the Ti/Al interface reaction during titanium deposition onto the aluminum under-layer.     

Developmental, family, and ethnic in influences on adolescent alcohol usage: A growth curve approach.

The influence of the developmental process of individuation, family conflict and cohesion, and ethnicity on adolescent alcohol use was examined in a 3-year longitudinal study. Participants included non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American adolescents (n?=?6,522) from 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. They were surveyed annually for 3 years. Depending on which aspect of individuation was measured, hierarchical linear modeling indicated that changes in adolescent individuation were related to either increases or decreases in alcohol use over the 3-year period. Separation and family conflict were related to increases in alcohol use, and intergenerational individuation and family cohesion were related to decreases in alcohol use. White and Mexican American adolescents had a faster rate of increase in alcohol use than did African American youth. Separation and family process similarly influenced adolescent alcohol use from different ethnic groups. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“绿色能源”并非简易事件 高能源电池系统制造是一大挑战

在不久的将来，绿色能源便可能获致重大胜利。当大规模电能成为”可储存”和“可携式”能源时，能量效率将获得显著的改善，而且可再生能源的推动工作也将获得进展。可储存性和可移植性的结合．形成液体燃料的主要优势，而透过电池系统提供的电力，则拥有提供一种可行替代方案的潜力。     

Projected imagery in your "office of the future"

Some day, high-resolution projected imagery will surround you in your office. The walls, your desk, and even the floor will serve as your computer desktop.