Electrodeposition of Ni-transition alloys for the oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the anodic reaction in several industrial electrolytic processes. The objective of this work was to develop a new electrocatalytic material for long-lasting and economical high performance electrodes. New electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition of nickel, nickel-ruthenium and nickel-iridium alloys. They were then activated by anodic polarization at 100 mA cm^–2 to form an oxide layer. The electrocatalytic activity was characterized for the OER in 5M KOH solution. The results show that nickel-iridium alloys provide greater electrocatalytic activity for the OER and better corrosion resistance than nickel-ruthenium in alkaline solution. The effects of transition elements on improving the performance of the nickel electrode are then discussed.Notation b Tafel slope - i _ex exchange current density - i _dp electrodeposition current density - i _OER oxygen evolution reaction current density - C _dl double-layer capacity - o₂ oxygen overpotential     

Solubility of Si3N4 in Liquid SiO2

The nitrogen solubility in the SiO₂-rich liquid in the metastable binary SiO₂-Si₃N₄ system has been determined by analytical TEM to be 1%–4% of N/(O + N) at 1973–2223 K. Analysis of the near edge structure of the electron energy loss peak indicates that nitrogen is incorporated into the silicate network rather than being present as molecular N₂. A regular solution model with a positive enthalpy of mixing for the liquid was used to match the data for the metastable solubility of N in the presence of crystalline Si₃N₄ and to adjust the computed phase diagram. The solubility of Si₃N₄ in fused SiO₂ is far less than reported in liquid silicates also containing Al, Mg, and/or Y. Apparently, these cations act as modifiers that break anion bridges in the silicate network and, thereby, allow further incorporation of Si₃N₄ without prohibitive amounts of network cross-linking. Finally, indications emerged regarding the diffuse nature of the Si₃N₄-SiO₂ interface that leads to amorphous regions of higher N content.     

基于容器的Web运行环境轻量级虚拟化方法

Web运行环境、Web服务及Web应用的虚拟化是减轻Web操作系统安全风险的一种有效方法,然而Web运行环境的虚拟化仍然存在不少挑战,如：执行时间、资源负载和兼容性等。为解决Web操作系统在安全性、执行时间、资源负载和兼容性方面的问题,提出了一种Web运行环境轻量级虚拟化方法,采用Docker容器技术实现进程级别的隔离。本虚拟化方法可在一个基本内核上支持运行多种Web运行环境的容器。此外,为了减轻容器创建负载,提出了容器启动机制;为减轻系统资源负载,进行了系统的轻量化处理。在嵌入式设备的实验结果表明,该虚拟化方法在执行时间、资源负载及兼容性方面都具有较优表现。     

从假性紫罗兰酮合成β-紫罗兰酮中主要副产物(I)的分离鉴定

假性紫罗兰酮在浓硫酸及 - 2 0°C低温条件下反应 ,主要生成 β-紫罗兰酮 ,少量的 α-及 γ-紫罗兰酮 ,同时生成副产物 ( I)及 ( II)。用 IR、1H NMR及 MS光谱分析方法 ,对副产物 ( I)进行了结构鉴定 ,结构为 3,4,4a,5 ,8,8a-六氢 - 2 ,5 ,5 ,8a-四甲基 - 2 H - 1 -苯并吡喃     

聚醚多元醇中间品钾（钠）离子的快速测定方法

本法采用乙醇水溶解试样，以经过处理的无钾，钠离子聚醚鸩元醇作为基体，配制标准样品，用火焰光度法检测聚醚多元醇中间品的钾（钠）离子的含量。由于样品处理简单，应用浓度直读取数据，可快速准确地测定试样，适用于聚醚多元醇生产过程中间品的检验。     

电解氧化法制取葡萄糖酸钠

研究了在无隔膜槽中电解氧化葡萄糖制取葡萄糖酸钠的方法，得出了最佳工艺条件，为电解法制取葡萄糖酸钠的工业化提供了依据。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯的研究

对采用７３２强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂作催化剂合成氯乙酸异辛酯进行了实验研究，提出了适宜的反应条件。实验结果表明，该法酯化率高、过程简便、产物颜色浅，优于浓硫酸作催化剂。     

固体硫在超临界/近临界酸性流体中的溶解度(Ⅰ)实验研究

建立了1套静态法测定难挥发物质(固体或液体)在超临界/近临界流体中溶解度的实验装置,并测定了固体硫在近临界硫化氢、超临界CO_2、CH_4及富硫化氢酸性气体混合物中的溶解度数据,取得了较好的结果.     

掺Li_2O–B_2O_3–SiO_2玻璃低温烧结MgTiO_3–CaTiO_3陶瓷及其微波介电性能

研究了Li_2O–B_2O_3–SiO_2玻璃(LBS)对MgTiO_3–CaTiO_3(MCT)介质陶瓷烧结特性、相组成和介电性能的影响,分析了MCT陶瓷与银电极的共烧行为。结果表明通过液相烧结,LBS能有效降低MCT烧结温度至890℃。X射线衍射结果显示有Li_2MgTi_3O_8、硼钛镁石以及Li_2TiSiO_5等新相生成。随着LBS添加量的增大,陶瓷致密化温度和饱和体积密度降低,介电常数εr、品质因数与谐振频率乘积Q×f也呈现下降趋势,频率温度系数τf向负值方向移动。添加质量分数为20%的LBS的0.97MgTiO3–0.03CaTiO3陶瓷在890℃烧结4h,获得最佳性能εr=16.4,Q×f=11640GHz,τf=–1.5×10–6/℃。陶瓷与银电极共烧界面结合状况良好,无明显扩散。该材料可用于制造片式多层微波器件。     

The deposition of coke from methane on a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst

Temperature-programmed reaction techniques and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize coke species deposited on a 5% Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst for dry reforming of methane. The CH₄ temperature-programmed decomposition profiles showed that the ignited decomposition temperatures of CH₄ increased from 273 to 378 °C when MgAl₂O₄ replaced the catalyst support γ-Al₂O₃. The temperature-programmed oxidation, temperature-programmed hydrogenation and temperature-programmed CO₂ reaction profiles showed that there were three carbon species (i.e. C_α, C_β and C_γ) on the catalyst surface. Raman spectroscopy showed that C_γ was graphite-like carbon species, which was responsible for catalyst deactivation. The C_γ species was the most inactive species toward H₂ and O₂, while it was unexpectedly more active toward CO₂. The unique reactivity of CO₂ with different coke specie could be ascribed to the carbonate, bidentate and formate species formation on MgAl₂O₄ surface. These surface species enhanced the oxidation of C_γ species and thus contributed to the high stability of Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst.