Digitally tunable optical filters using arrayed-waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexers and optical switches

Two novel configurations for digitally tunable optical filters based on arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexers are described in detail with emphasis on the connection of the AWG multiplexer and optical switches. Performance comparisons show that conventional configurations are disadvantaged by the switch size required and loss imbalance among the optical frequency-division-multiplexed (FDM) channels; the proposed configurations require only O(√(N)) switch elements to select one of N FDM channels, and the loss imbalance is lower by up to 75% in decibel     

A new lateral MOS-gated thyristor with controlling base-current

A new lateral MOS-gated thyristor, called the Base-Current-Controlled Thyristor, is described. This device is designed so that most holes at the on-stage reach the P base through the floating P⁺ region adjacent to the P base and the on-state MOSFET. At the turn-off stage, the interruption of the hole current to the P base due to switching off the above MOSFET occurs simultaneously with the conventional turn-off operation. The concept of this device is verified experimentally by using the fabricated lateral device with the external MOSFET. This device exhibits a better trade-off relation between the on-state voltage and the turn-off time compared uith the conventional MOS-gated thyristor     

A wafer level monitoring method for plasma-charging damage usingantenna PMOSFET test structure

A novel monitoring method for plasma-charging damage is proposed. This method performs a quick and accurate evaluation using antenna PMOSFET. It was found that not only hot-carrier (HC) lifetime but transistor parameters such as initial gate current and substrate current were changed according to the degree of plasma-charging damage. However, the present work suggests that monitoring the shift of drain current after a few seconds of HC stress is a more accurate method to indicate plasma-charging damage. The monitoring method using the present test structure is demonstrated to be useful for realizing highly reliable devices     

A unified diode model for circuit simulation

A new commercially available diode model is described. This unified model is capable of simulating the widest range of diode technologies of any presently available. The emphasis of this paper is on describing the model's extensive features and flexibility in the different domains of operation and is of particular interest in power applications     

Constant-time parallel algorithms for image labeling on areconfigurable network of processors

A constant-time algorithm for labeling the connected components of an N×N image on a reconfigurable network of N³ processors is presented. The main contribution of the algorithm is a novel constant-time technique for determining the minimum-labeled PE in each component. The number of processors used by the algorithm can be reduced to N/sup 2+(1/d/), for any 1⩽d⩽log N, if O(d) time is allowed     

Unicast-based multicast communication in wormhole-routed networks

Multicast communication, in which the same message is delivered from a source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes, is being increasingly demanded in parallel computing. System supported multicast services can potentially offer improved performance, increased functionality, and simplified programming, and may in turn be used to support various higher-level operations for data movement and global process control. This paper presents efficient algorithms to implement multicast communication in wormhole-routed direct networks, in the absence of hardware multicast support, by exploiting the properties of the switching technology. Minimum-time multicast algorithms are presented for n-dimensional meshes and hypercubes that use deterministic, dimension-ordered routing of unicast messages. Both algorithms can deliver a multicast message to m-1 destinations in [log ₂ m] message passing steps, while avoiding contention among the constituent unicast messages. Performance results of implementations on a 64-node nCUBE-2 hypercube and a 168-node Symult 2010 2-D mesh are given     

ConClass: a framework for real-time distributed knowledge-basedprocessing

We have developed a problem-solving framework, called ConClass, that is capable of classifying continuous real-time problems dynamically and concurrently on a distributed system. ConClass provides an efficient development environment for describing and decomposing a classification problem and synthesizing solutions. In ConClass, decomposed concurrent subproblems specified by the application developer effectively correspond to the actual distributed hardware elements. This scheme is useful for designing and implementing efficient distributed processing, making it easier to anticipate and evaluate system behavior. The ConClass system provides an object replication feature that prevents any particular object from being overloaded. In order to deal with an indeterminate amount of problem data, ConClass dynamically creates object networks that justify hypothesized solutions, and thus achieves a dynamic load distribution. A number of efficient execution mechanisms that manage a variety of asynchronous aspects of distributed processing have been implemented without using schedulers or synchronization schemes that are liable to develop bottlenecks. We have confirmed the efficiency of parallel distributed processing and load balancing of ConClass with an experimental application     

MEETING THE IT CHALLENGES OF BUSINESS The Changing Mandate for MBAs

What is the implication for business when information technology (IT) changes in the workplace without a commensurate change in the composition of business programs educating tomorrow's employees? A survey of MBA graduates forms the basis of this article on the IT skills needed in the marketplace.     

Fuzzy sets-a convenient fiction for modeling vagueness andpossibility

This paper is a reply to Laviolette and Seaman's critical discussion of fuzzy set theory. Rather than questioning the interest of the Bayesian approach to uncertainty, some reasons why Bayesian find the idea of a fuzzy set not palatable are laid bare. Some links between fuzzy sets and probability that Laviolette and Seaman seem not to be aware of are pointed out. These links suggest that, contrary to the claim sometimes found in the literature, probability theory is not a special case of fuzzy set theory. The major objection to Laviolette and Seaman is that they found their critique on as very limited view of fuzzy sets, including debatable papers, while they fail to account for significant works pertaining to axiomatic derivation of fuzzy set connectives, possibility theory, fuzzy random variables, among others     

Comments on “Editorial: fuzzy models-what are they andwhy?”

In the editorial by J.C. Bezdek (ibid., p.1), an example is presented to demonstrate differences between fuzzy membership and probability. The authors argue that probability can be used in a way much more closely analogous to this use of fuzzy membership, weakening the argument for the latter