11 GHz and 12 GHz multiwatt internal matching for power GaAs f.e.t.s

Multiwatt internal-matching techniques for multichip power GaAs f.e.t.s at 11 GHz and 12 GHz bands have been developed, adopting a lumped-element input circuit and a semidistributed output circuit. The internally matched device for the 11 GHz band exhibits 4 W power output with 3.4 dB associated gain, and the 12 GHz device 3.6 W power output with 3 dB associated gain.     

Model evaluation of CO2 reduction technologies in the Asia-pacific region

Global warming is one of the most serious issues in today's world. Various innovative technologies have been proposed for the reduction of CO₂ emissions and the mitigation of global warming. They include (1) the WENET project, inaugurated in 1993 by the government of Japan, in which electricity produced by photovoltaic systems in vast areas such as the Sahara Desert, or by hydropower systems, is converted to hydrogen for transport to demand sites, and (2) Steinberg's Hydrocarb process, in which fossil fuels and biomass are coprocessed to produce carbon and methanol. While Japan is resource-poor, it is located relatively close to Southeast Asia and Australia, which are large regions with abundant solar energy. This paper describes an investigation of the prospects for the adoption of these innovative technologies by Japan and surrounding resource regions in the next 30 to 40 years. An optimizing energy model is developed for the purpose, and the simulation results provide several interesting suggestions regarding Japan's future strategy for combatting global warming.     

Application of GEMSAFE to ITER CDA and Its comparison with FER

A safety analysis for the design of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the Conceptual Design Activity stage was performed by the GEMSAFE methodology, and its results were compared with those of Fusion Experimental Reactor (FER), a Japan's facility planned next to JT-60. The objectives of this study are to confirm the applicability of GEMSAFE to ITER and to select design basis events of ITER and identify R&D items with comparison to FER. Function-Based Safety Analyses (FBSA) were carred out to select 19 and 25 design basis events for FER and ITER, respectively. The major reason for the difference is that ITER has a class-2 RI source, e.g., tritium of 7.5 × 10⁵ Ci in mobile form, in the coolant for the first wall and blankets as well as a class-3 RI source, e.g., the immobile tritium of 2.2×10⁷ Ci absorbed in first wall and dust.     

A biosensor in the time domain based on the diffusion coefficient measurement: intermolecular interaction of an intermediate of photoactive yellow protein

A new type of biosensor is presented for the first time. This method is based on the diffusion measurement in the time domain by the transient grating method. As the first demonstration of this new method, various intermolecular interactions with a reaction intermediate of photoactive yellow protein, such as the protein-protein interaction, protein-DNA interaction, and protein-small molecule binding are detected. The characteristic advantages and limitations are summarized.     

Isolation of the YAP1 homologue of Candida utilis and its use as an efficient selection marker

The industrially important yeast Candida utilis is widely used in the production of food and medical materials, but its practical host-vector system has not been well developed. In order to construct a food-grade host-vector system, we isolated the YAP1 homologue, CuYAP1, of C. utilis IAM4264 and evaluated its use as a selection marker in transformation. A DNA probe was obtained by PCR using degenerate primers and the CuYAP1-encoding 438 amino acid protein was isolated by hybridization. Although the amino acid identity of Yap1 and CuYap1 was 28.7% as a whole, the characteristic bZip region and two cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) showed a higher homology. CuYAP1 was inserted in a CuGAP1 expression cassette of the C. utilis ARS vector pRI177, and C. utilis AHU3053 was transformed with this plasmid. A number of transformant colonies grew in the presence of cycloheximide, which indicated that CuGAP1-CuYAP1 is an effective selection marker. The transformant also showed higher resistance to other agents, including cadmium and fluconazole. The overexpression of CuYAP1 in S. cerevisiae also resulted in increased resistance to various types of drugs.     

Bounds on the parallel evaluation of arithmetic expressions using associativity and commutativity

Summary We show that any arithmetic expression with n operands and parentheses nested to depth d can be evaluated in at most 1+2d+ [log₂ n] steps, assuming that only associativity and commutativity are used to transform the expression. We also show that at most [n–2d/2] processors are needed to achieve this bound.This work was supported in part by NSF Grant GJ 36936. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Seventh Annual Princeton Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, March 1973.