Protoplast from <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-carotene-producing fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blakeslea trispora</Emphasis>: Preparation,regeneration and validation

The effects of key parameters on the preparation and regeneration of protoplast from the β-carotene-producing fungus Blakeslea trispora were discussed in this paper, including the combination of various enzymes, mycelial age, digesting time and temperature, pH value, osmotic stabilizers, pretreatment, culture medium and culture method. Under the condition of mixed enzymes in osmotic stabilizer (0.6 M NaCl) combined with 2% lysozyme, 3% cellulase and 3% snailase, the highest protoplast yield, as high as 7.48×106 protoplasts/mL, was obtained when mycelial age was 60 h at pH 5.0–6.0 with digesting for 14–16 h at 28 °C. After purification of the obtained protoplasts, they were regenerated in PDA regenerative medium using bilayer plate culture method. To validate the usability of the protoplasts, a novel plasmid with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used in transformation for easy visual observation. The results showed that the protoplasts prepared by the optimized method were active and applicable in further gene manipulation experiments. This work was presented at 13 ^th YABEC symposium held at Seoul, Korea, October 20–22, 2007.     

湖南省水库与城市水资源供求评价

对湖南省29个城市及靠近这些城市的67座大中型水库,采用模糊数学多级多因子综合评价方法,按水库人均供水量、水质类别、水库向城市可供水率等8个评价指标及其隶属度,评价得到2020年湖南省水库向城市可供水资源的程度.分析结果表明:至2020年,近城水库供水资源完全满足城市需水量的有7个城市,基本满足需水的城市有10座,说明在当前与将来城市供水资源紧缺的形势下,开发现有水库水资源,向城市供水意义重大.     

自然清丽的雪滴花

雪滴花Galanthus L的名字最早出现于17世纪德国的文献中，那时新流行的一种泪珠状的耳环和该花的形状相似，而不是因为在下雪的天气开花命名的，现在人根据其英文的解释多以为是花的形状像雪滴，其实是一种误解．但巧合之处也颇为有趣。     

Modeling for local dynamic behaviors of phenol biodegradation in bubble columns

A coupled three-dimensional (3-D) model, combining hydrodynamics with biochemical reactions, was developed to simulate the local transient flow patterns and the dynamic behaviors of cell growth and phenol biodegradation by yeast Candida tropicalis in the bubble-column bioreactor, using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. In order to validate this proposed model effectively, the validation of the local hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas-mineral salt solution (gas-liquid) two-phase system, with the phenol concentration of 1200 mg/L, and with the absence of cells, was performed in a square-sectioned bubble column bioreactor using the LDA system and conductivity probe. Furthermore, the validation of phenol biodegradation behaviors by yeast Candida tropicalis at different initial concentrations of phenol and cell was also carried out in the above bubble-column bioreactor. The results indicated that the model simulations had a satisfying agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the local instantaneous flow and phenol biodegradation features including gas holdup, gas velocity, liquid velocity, cell concentration and phenol concentration inside the bioreactor were successfully predicted in different-scale bubble columns by the proposed model. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006     

碳酸盐岩气藏加砂压裂重复改造试验效果分析

针对碳酸盐岩气藏部分气井生产效能低的状况，决定在长庆气田下古生界尝试开展加砂压裂重复改造试验，以期提高低产、低效气井的产量，延长气田稳产期。通过潜心研究、精细设计及现场质检监控，优选了4口老井进行加砂压裂重复改造现场试验。从试验结果来看，虽然只有1口井取得明显的改造效果，但4口井加砂压裂施工都是成功的，说明对碳酸盐岩气藏实施加砂压裂是可以实现的，但在选井思路和压裂工艺方面还有待探索和研究。     

天津市水环境污染综合整治思路

天津市位于海河流域下游．历史上曾得益于海河丰沛的水资源，自进入20世纪70年代以后．由于流域内人口增长、经济发展、用水量增加，致使河流入境水量急剧减少。1983年引滦入津工程建成通水，天津城市缺水的局面暂时得到缓解，但引滦供水能力有限，供水保证率较低，1997～2000年连续干旱，引滦源头潘家口水库蓄水降至死库容以下。为解决天津城市缺水，2000年再次引黄济津。     

A model for preventive maintenance operations and forecasting

Equipment costs constitute the greatest majority of overall costs for semiconductor manufacturing. Therefore, maintaining high equipment availability has been regarded as one of the major goals in the industry. The ability to forecast correctly equipment preventive maintenance (PM) timing requirements not only can help optimizing equipment uptime but also minimizing negative impacts on manufacturing production efficiency. This research used grey theory and evaluation diagnosis to construct a PM forecasting model for prediction of PM timing of various machines. The results showed significant improvements of PM timing predictions compared to the existing method based on experience and an alternative method proposed by Li and Chang (Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Workshop 2002: 10–11, pp. 275–277) for the same fab cases. Received: June 2005 / Accepted: December 2005     

Average consensus in networks of dynamic agents with switching topologies and multiple time-varying delays

In this paper, we discuss average consensus problem in undirected networks of dynamic agents with fixed and switching topologies as well as multiple time-varying communication delays. By employing a linear matrix inequality method, we prove that all the nodes in the network achieve average consensus asymptotically for appropriate communication delays if the network topology is connected. Particularly, several feasible linear matrix inequalities are established to determine the maximal allowable upper bound of time-varying communication delays. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the sharpness of the theoretical results.