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41.
JP Pignol P Cuendet N Brassart G Fares F Colomb C M'Bake Diop R Sabattier A Hachem G Prevot 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,25(6):885-891
Boron neutron capture enhancement (BNCE) of the fast neutron irradiations use thermal neutrons produced in depth of the tissues to generate neutron capture reactions on 10B within tumor cells. The dose enhancement is correlated to the 10B concentration and to thermal neutron flux measured in the depth of the tissues, and in this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of Monte Carlo simulation to study the dosimetry of BNCE. The charged particle FLUKA code has been used to calculate the primary neutron yield from the beryllium target, while MCNP-4A has been used for the transport of these neutrons in the geometry of the Biomedical Cyclotron of Nice. The fast neutron spectrum and dose deposition, the thermal flux and thermal neutron spectrum in depth of a Plexiglas phantom has been calculated. The thermal neutron flux has been compared with experimental results determined with calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-600 and TLD-700, respectively, doped with 6Li or 7Li). The theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental results: the thermal neutron flux was calculated at 10.3 X 10(6) n/cm2 s1 and measured at 9.42 X 10(6) n/cm2 s1 at 4 cm depth of the phantom and with a 10 cm X 10 cm irradiation field. For fast neutron dose deposition the calculated and experimental curves have the same slope but different shape: only the experimental curve shows a maximum at 2.27 cm depth corresponding to the build-up. The difference is due to the Monte Carlo simulation which does not follow the secondary particles. Finally, a dose enhancement of, respectively, 4.6% and 10.4% are found for 10 cm X 10 cm or 20 cm X 20 cm fields, provided that 100 micrograms/g of 10B is loaded in the tissues. It is anticipated that this calculation method may be used to improve BNCE of fast neutron irradiations through collimation modifications. 相似文献
42.
Kahina Ouazine Hachem Slimani Hassina Nacer Nabila Bermad Salah Zemmoudj 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2020,33(4)
A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is composed mainly of fixed roadside entities (RSUs) and mobile entities (vehicles). In order to exchange information and data relating to the safety and comfort of road users, these different entities must establish communications between them. In these communications, one of the main problems is related to congestion and saturation of RSUs. In this paper, we first study the main protocols that involve RSUs in their strategy of routing by classifying them according to four levels. Furthermore, to deal with the problem of saturation of RSUs, we present a new approach of cooperation between the RSUs of a VANET in order to reduce its congestion and avoid as much as possible the saturation of these entities. This approach, called “D2A2RS” (defensive alliance–based approach for reducing RSUs saturation), is based on the concept of defensive alliances in graphs that ensures effective collaboration between RSUs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct a comparative analysis by using both analytical models and simulations. The obtained comparison results have shown the efficiency and the performance of our approach compared with other concurrent approaches in the literature in terms of packet loss/success rate, end‐to‐end transmission delay, and network scalability. 相似文献
43.
Ksairi N. Bianchi P. Ciblat P. Hachem W. 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2010,58(2):720-734
44.
INTRODUCTION: Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a frequently encountered benign bone tumor, seen in young adults with male predominance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients complaining of nonspecific extremity pain underwent MRI examination. The sequences obtained were T1 and T2 weighted spin-echo and T2 weighted gradient echo. A CT scan examination followed in all cases, exploring the region of the abnormal signal seen on MRI. The results of both examinations were compared. RESULTS: In six of the nine patients (66.6%) MRI showed evidence suggestive of osteoid osteoma, comparable that seen on CT scan. In three patients (33.3%), MRI showed a nonspecific and ill-defined bone marrow signal abnormality. CT cuts focused on those areas of signal abnormality showed the nidus. DISCUSSION: MRI is more sensitive than CT scan in detecting soft tissue and bone marrow abnormalities adjacent to an osteoid osteoma. This may produce a misleading aggressive appearance on MR images. CT scanning is more specific than MRI, by showing the nidus. In three patients studied, the nidus was only seen by CT, the other six osteoid osteomas were equally seen by CT and by MRI. In our study, MRI revealed abnormalities in all the cases. It was also highly specific for osteoid osteoma in 66.6%. CONCLUSION: MRI is very sensitive in detecting bone marrow and soft tissue abnormalities, and can suggest the diagnosis of OO in a good number of patients. In the remainder cases MRI guides the CT-scan. CT is more accurate and remains the definite examination for the diagnosis of OO, by showing the nidus. 相似文献
45.
A class of order-preserving dynamic hashing structures is introduced and analyzed. The access method is referred to as the dynamic random-sequential access method (DRSAM) and is derived from linear hashing. A new logical to physical mapping that is based on sequential bucket allocations in hash order is proposed. With respect to previous methods, this allocation technique has the following characteristics: (1) the structure captures the hashed order in consecutive storage areas so that order preserving (OPH) schemes should result in performance improvements for range queries and sequential processing; and (2) it adapts elastic buckets for the control of file growth. Under specific conditions, this approach outperforms the partial expansion method previously proposed by P.-A. Larson (1982) 相似文献
46.
47.
M. C. Kouassi A. Hachem C. Ardisson G. Ardisson 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1989,280(2-3):424-427
The γ-decay of radiochemically separated 213Bi sources (T1/2 = 45.6 min), in equilibrium with 209Tl (T1/2 = 2.2 min) and 213Po (T1/2 = 4.2 μs), has been reinvestigated using coaxial HPGe detectors, a LEPS detector and the γ-γ coincidence method. The energies and intensities of 20 γ-lines were measured, of which 11 are reported for the first time. Of the ten γ-rays attributed to 213Bi β-decay, five are new. All of them were interpreted in a 213Po level scheme using γ-γ coincidence data. New levels at 292.8, 1003.6 and 1119.5 keV are proposed in 213Po. In the 209Tl β-decay, five γ-lines were measured, two of which are new. On the basis of γ-γ coincidence, we suggest that two new levels of 3069.6 and 3388.9 keV are fed into the 209Pb magic nucleus. 相似文献
48.