三塘湖油田火山岩储层压裂技术现状及对策

三塘湖盆地上石炭统卡拉岗组（C2k）火成岩储层岩石成分复杂、基质物性差、天然裂缝发育、温度压力低等特点，给火成岩的压裂改造带来了诸多难题。通过对国内近年火山岩油藏开发、压裂技术调研，以及吐哈现有火山岩压裂技术现状的评价，提出了下步技术对策建议。     

用油藏工程方法确定红南油田天然水体规模

根据天然水驱油藏特征，以物质平衡方程为基础，讨论了利用油田的地质参数生产历史数据，确定油田天然水体规模的方法。以实际生产数据为例，分别采用容积法、油藏数值模拟法和油藏工程法计算了红南油田白垩系油藏的水体规模。从对比分析来看，油藏数值模拟法和油藏工程法所得到的结果比较一致，但是，应用油藏工程方法计算水体规模具有快速、准确和实用等优点。     

Finite element solutions for flow in a single-screw extruder,including curvature effects

Slow developed flow in an extruder channel has been set up as a two-dimensional, variational problem using a helical coordinate system, thus avoiding the usual geometrical simplification. Continuity is enforced by an integral form of constraint, and solutions for isothermal, Newtonian flow are obtained by a finite element method for both shallow and deep, highly curved channels. The performance of the solution procedure as a function of Lagrangian multiplier is discussed. Convergence to correct solutions is demonstrated for the shallow channel case. Deep channel results are compared with analytic predictions, curvature corrected according to Booy. Further testing of deep channel results will be made against experimental data.     

Evaluation of high pressure pretreatment for enhancing the drying rates of carrot,apple, and green bean

Preservation of fresh produce by drying dates back to ancient times and is still an indispensible technique. Conventional drying of fruits and vegetables is often accompanied by changes in color, texture, and taste. Suitable pretreatments can improve the drying process by reducing the drying time, yielding higher-quality products, and energy savings. In this study, two varieties of apples, Amasya and red delicious, green beans and carrots were pretreated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at different pressure–time–temperature combinations (100–300 MPa for 5–45 min at 20 and 35 °C) prior to drying. The drying experiments were carried out by using a hot-air tunnel dryer at different temperatures (27–85 °C) and air velocities of 0.4 and 0.8 m/s with constant external conditions. Improving the drying conditions by increasing the drying temperature generally masked the effect of HHP pretreatment on drying rate. Generally, pressures of more than 100 MPa caused cell permeabilization resulting in higher drying rates. Among 14 models, the modified Page model was found to best explain the drying behaviors and model constants were evaluated accordingly. The Tukey multiple comparison test was applied on characteristic drying times to evaluate the relative effects of different pretreatments and drying conditions.     

Metamodel-based inverse method for parameter identification: elastic–plastic damage model

This article proposed a metamodel-based inverse method for material parameter identification and applies it to elastic–plastic damage model parameter identification. An elastic–plastic damage model is presented and implemented in numerical simulation. The metamodel-based inverse method is proposed in order to overcome the disadvantage in computational cost of the inverse method. In the metamodel-based inverse method, a Kriging metamodel is constructed based on the experimental design in order to model the relationship between material parameters and the objective function values in the inverse problem, and then the optimization procedure is executed by the use of a metamodel. The applications of the presented material model and proposed parameter identification method in the standard A 2017-T4 tensile test prove that the presented elastic–plastic damage model is adequate to describe the material's mechanical behaviour and that the proposed metamodel-based inverse method not only enhances the efficiency of parameter identification but also gives reliable results.     

吐哈盆地英1井西山窑组砂岩中沥青的荧光特征及成因

吐哈盆地台南凹陷吐玉克稠油油田北侧钻探的英1井,在中侏罗统西山窑组取心见到了少量含沥青砂岩。笔者利用荧光显微镜对沥青产状及荧光特征进行观察描述,结合区域地质条件的分析研究,得出了砂岩中的沥青是经过剥蚀搬运后再沉积的结论     

Use of the Weibull model for lactococcal bacteriophage inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure

Four lactococcal bacteriophages (phiLl6-2, phiLl35-6, phiLd66-36 and phiLd67-42) in M17 broth were pressurized at 300 and 350 MPa at room temperature and their survival curves were determined at various time intervals. Tailing (monotonic upward concavity) was observed in all survival curves. The resulting non-linear semi-logarithmic survival curves were described by the Weibull model and goodness of fit of this model was investigated. Regression coefficients (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), residual and correlation plots strongly suggested that Weibull model produced a better fit to the data than the traditional linear model. Hazard plots suggested that the Weibull model was fully appropriate for the data being analyzed. These results have confirmed that the Weibull model, which is mostly utilized to describe the inactivation of bacterial cells or spores by heat and pressure, could be successfully used in describing the lactococcal bacteriophage inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure.