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61.
Huth J Buchholz M Kraus JM Mølhave K Gradinaru C v Wichert G Gress TM Neumann H Kestler HA 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2011,104(2):227-234
The direct observation of cells over time using time-lapse microscopy can provide deep insights into many important biological processes. Reliable analyses of motility, proliferation, invasive potential or mortality of cells are essential to many studies involving live cell imaging and can aid in biomarker discovery and diagnostic decisions. Given the vast amount of image- and time-series data produced by modern microscopes, automated analysis is a key feature to capitalize the potential of time-lapse imaging devices. To provide fast and reproducible analyses of multiple aspects of cell behaviour, we developed TimeLapseAnalyzer. Apart from general purpose image enhancements and segmentation procedures, this extensible, self-contained, modular cross-platform package provides dedicated modalities for fast and reliable analysis of multi-target cell tracking, scratch wound healing analysis, cell counting and tube formation analysis in high throughput screening of live-cell experiments. TimeLapseAnalyzer is freely available (MATLAB, Open Source) at http://www.informatik.uni-ulm.de/ni/mitarbeiter/HKestler/tla. 相似文献
62.
Controlling the dynamics of a constrained manipulator includesposition tracking as well as stabilization of the contact wrench.In this paper we derive a control scheme, that makes it possible to treat position and force control independently.The approach is based on a mass-orthogonal splitting of the space of joint torques, allowing independent actuation and therefore independent specification of control laws. An appropriate definition of the reference wrenchmakes it possible to achieve independent stability of the position and force loop. 相似文献
63.
64.
Model-driven assessment of system dependability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sadaf Mustafiz Ximeng Sun Jörg Kienzle Hans Vangheluwe 《Software and Systems Modeling》2008,7(4):487-502
Designers of complex real-time systems need to address dependability requirements early on in the development process. This
paper presents a model-based approach that allows developers to analyse the dependability of use cases and to discover more
reliable and safe ways of designing the interactions of the system with the environment. The hardware design and the dependability
of the hardware to be used also needs to be considered. We use a probabilistic extension of statecharts to formally model
the interaction requirements defined in the use cases. The model is then evaluated analytically based on the success and failure
probabilities of events. The analysis may lead to further refinement of the use cases by introducing detection and recovery
measures to ensure dependable system interaction. A visual modelling environment for our extended statecharts formalism supporting
automatic probability analysis has been implemented in AToM3, A Tool for Multi-formalism and Meta-Modelling. Our approach is illustrated with an elevator control system case study.
相似文献
Hans VangheluweEmail: |
65.
Physical workload of flight attendants when pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ulrich Glitsch Hans Jürgen Ottersbach Rolf Ellegast Karlheinz Schaub Gerhard Franz Matthias Jger 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2007,37(11-12):845
The musculoskeletal loads from moving trolleys aboard aircraft were assessed by observation of trolley handling on planes and by physical workload analyses of pushing and pulling of trolleys in a laboratory set up. Trolley handling by a total of 15 female flight attendants was observed on 10 short- and medium-distance flights in different types of aircraft. About 25 selected flight attendants (22 females; 3 males) of five German airlines took part in the laboratory study, which comprised three-dimensional (3D) measurements of posture and hand forces during pushing and pulling of trolleys in a variety of configurations. From the on-flight observations performed, between 150 and 250 trolley movements can be projected for a work shift. The greatest physical workload is to be expected at the beginning of service: The trolleys are fully laden then, and the cabin floor can still be inclined up to 8°, as the aircraft is still climbing, particularly on short-distance flights. The laboratory investigation revealed that the musculoskeletal workload from pushing and pulling depends essentially on the trolley load and on the gradient of the cabin floor. In addition, the degree of stressing depends significantly on the trolley type, mode of handling and personal dexterity. The up/down force component perpendicular to the direction of motion often achieved considerable amplitudes-in some cases equal to or exceeding the force in the direction of movement. The posture analysis demonstrated that pulling forced the flight attendants to adopt ergonomically unfavourable postures such as pronounced flexion of the back, particularly among female subjects. The highest values for flexion of the back occurred while pulling the half-size trolley. The results demonstrate that female flight attendants are likely to overload themselves if they frequently have to move heavily laden trolleys unaided on an inclined cabin floor.
Relevance to industry
On short distance flights, flight attendants have been complaining increasingly of high physical workload from manoeuvring trolleys. On the basis of the presented data airline companies may improve the trolley handling skills of their flight attendances by practical trainings and may ergonomically optimize the general service procedures aboard aircrafts. 相似文献66.
We consider graphs that can be embedded on a surface of bounded genus such that each edge has a bounded number of crossings.
We prove that many optimization problems, including maximum
independent set, minimum vertex cover, minimum dominating set and many others, admit polynomial time approximation schemes
when restricted to such graphs. This extends previous results by Baker and Eppstein to a much broader class of graphs. We
also prove that for the considered class of graphs, there are balanced separators of size
where n is a number of vertices in the graph. On the negative side, we prove that it is intractable to recognize the graphs
embeddable in the plane with at most one crossing per edge. 相似文献
67.
Full instrumental rationality and perfect institutions are two cornerstoneassumptions underlying neoclassical models. However, in the real world, thesetwo assumptions never hold, especially not in developing countries. In thispaper, we develop a game theoretical model to investigate if relaxations inthe full instrumental rationality and perfect institutions premise can explainthe conflicts that have been occurring between the various principals in theNarok district in Kenya with regard to land tenure and use. 相似文献
68.
Delgrande James P.; Schaub Torsten; Tompits Hans 《Journal of Logic and Computation》2007,17(5):871-907
We consider the problem of representing arbitrary preferencesin causal reasoning and planning systems. In planning, a preferencemay be seen as a goal or constraint that is desirable, but notnecessary, to satisfy. To begin, we define a very general querylanguage for histories, or interleaved sequences of world statesand actions. Based on this, we specify a second language inwhich preferences are defined. A single preference defines abinary relation on histories, indicating that one history ispreferred to the other. From this, one can define global preferenceorderings on the set of histories, the maximal elements of whichare the preferred histories. The approach is very general andflexible; thus it constitutes a base languagein terms of which higher-level preferences may be defined. Tothis end, we investigate two fundamental types of preferencesthat we call choice and temporal preferences. We consider concretestrategies for these types of preferences and encode them interms of our framework. We suggest how to express aggregatesin the approach, allowing, e.g. the expression of a preferencefor histories with lowest total action costs. Last, our approachcan be used to express other approaches and so serves as a commonframework in which such approaches can be expressed and compared.We illustrate this by indicating how an approach due to Sonand Pontelli can be encoded in our approach, as well as thelanguage PDDL3. 相似文献
69.
Hans Christian Boas 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2006,40(2):153-174
New methods of documenting languages with digital technologies has led to a multitude of different formats that are difficult
to reuse over time. To overcome the problems surrounding the portability of digital language documentation, linguists are
in the process of formulating best-practice recommendations to increase the likelihood of their work's long-term survival.
This paper describes the implementation of a comprehensive set of current best-practice recommendations pertaining to content,
format, discovery, access, citation, preservation, and rights in the context of the language documentation efforts of the
Texas German Dialect Project. This project is different from others in that it is not primarily concerned with digitizing
and archiving existing recordings. Instead, the archive it is creating is the end-result of a research project whose workflow
begins with data-collection in the filed and ends with depositing digitized and annotated language materials in a web-accessible
digital archive of Texas German. This paper shows how a number of conflicting best-practice recommendations can be resolved,
thereby satisfying the diverse needs of academic research, teaching, and outreach to the community. As such, the results reported
here are an important contribution to the search for strategies guaranteeing the long-term survival of digital language documentation
resources.
相似文献
Hans Christian BoasEmail: |
70.
Wolfgang Sümmermann Hans Rohleder und Friedhelm Korte 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1978,166(3):137-144
Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen eines koordinierten Forschungsprogramms des BMFT wurde eine orientierende Studie an möglichst repräsentativen Stichproben durchgeführt. Trotz relativ großer Streubreiten zeichnen sich die Bereiche der wichtigsten Lebensmittelgruppen deutlich voneinander ab mit Mittelwerten um 0,005 /g für fettarme pflanzliche Grundnahrungsmittel, um 0,05 /g für pflanzliche Nahrungsfette, um 0,3 /g für Milch-, Käse und Butterfette, um 0,15 /g für sonstige Nahrungsfette von Landtieren, um 0,03 /g für Hühnereier und um 10 /g für Fischfett. Wichtet man die Gehalte entsprechend der durchschnittlichen Diät in der BRD, so ergibt sich eine tägliche PCB-Aufnahme von rund 29 aus tierischen Fetten und rund 6 aus den übrigen Lebensmitteln. Die Gesamtaufnahme von ca. 35 g pro Tag und capita entspricht etwa dem Wert, der von der WHO als ADI-Wert für HCB (Hexachlorbenzol) in Aussicht genommen wurde.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in foodThe situation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Summary In a coordinated research program of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), a screening study was carried out with representative samples. In spite of rather large ranges of PCB concentrations, the most important food-stuffs show clearly defined clusters with mean values of approx. 0.005 /g in low fat food components of plant origin such as cereals or potatoes, approx. 0.05 /g in vegetable fats, approx. 0.3 /g in fat from milk, butter and cheese, approx. 0.15 gg/g in animal fat, approx. 0.03 in chicken eggs and approx. 10 /g in fish fat. Considering the mean diet in the FRG, a daily PCB intake of about 29 g from animal fat and of 6 from the other food-stuffs results. The total intake of about 35 g per day and capita is almost the same as the figure conditionally suggested by the WHO as the acceptable daily HCB (hexachlorobenzene) intake.相似文献