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991.
Dr. Lisa C. Kühnel Dr. Bettina M. Nestl Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hauer 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2017,18(22):2222-2225
Squalene–hopene cyclases (SHCs) catalyze the polycyclization of squalene into a mixture of hopene and hopanol. Recently, amino-acid residues lining the catalytic cavity of the SHC from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius were replaced by small and large hydrophobic amino acids. The alteration of leucine 607 to phenylalanine resulted in increased enzymatic activity towards the formation of an intermolecular farnesyl–farnesyl ether product from farnesol. Furthermore, the addition of small-chain alcohols acting as nucleophiles led to the formation of non-natural ether-linked terpenoids and, thus, to significant alteration of the product pattern relative to that obtained with the wild type. It is proposed that the mutation of leucine at position 607 may facilitate premature quenching of the intermediate by small alcohol nucleophiles. This mutagenesis-based study opens the field for further intermolecular bond-forming reactions and the generation of non-natural products. 相似文献
992.
Gen Li Ulrike K. Müller Johan L. van Leeuwen Hao Liu 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(101)
Fish larvae may intercept their own wake during sharp turns, which might affect their escape performance. We analysed C-starts of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822) using a computational fluid dynamics approach that simulates free swimming (swimming trajectory is determined by fluid forces) by coupling hydrodynamics and body dynamics. The simulations show that fish may intercept their own wake when they turn by 100–180°. During stage 1 of a C-start, the fish generates a strong jet at the tail that is shed into the wake. During stage 2, the fish intercepts this wake. Counterfactual simulations showed that wake interception increased the lateral force on the fish and reduced the fish''s turning angle by more than 5°. Wake interception caused no significant acceleration tangential to the trajectory of the fish and did not affect total power output. While experimental and simulation evidence suggests that fish larvae can either undershoot or intercept but not overshoot their wake, our simulations show that larger fish might be able to avoid intercepting their wake by either under- or overshooting. As intercepting its own wake modifies the fish''s escape trajectory, fish should account for this effect when planning their escape route. 相似文献
993.
Software and Systems Modeling - Virtualization technology allows service providers to operate data centers in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The data center network (substrate network) and... 相似文献
994.
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996.
Sibel Duman Bülent Kaya Fatma Caf Barış Enez Sema Aguloğlu Fincan 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(29):15410-15430
For the first time in this innovative study, microorganisms such as Bacillus simplex bacteria, mostly used in biological activity studies, are used as a bio-supporter agent of iron to release hydrogen from sodium borohydride hydrolysis at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The goal is to investigate thoroughly sodium borohydride hydrolysis catalyzed by Fe2O3 nanoparticles impregnated on microorganism such as Bacillus simplex (BS) bacteria (Fe2O3@BS NPs) known with strong antibacterial properties, which makes innovative them a candidate for hydrolysis reaction. This study was focused on the preparation, identification, and catalytic use of biocatalyst-like Fe2O3@BS NPs for hydrogen release from the sodium borohydride hydrolysis at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The characterization results made after and before hydrolysis reaction using by SEM/SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, UV–vis, XPS, DLS, ELS Zeta potential, ESR, and TEM techniques reveal the formation of highly active, stable, durable, and long-lived biocatalysts-like Fe2O3@BS NPs. 相似文献
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998.
Turkey has a great number of hazelnut trees that possess nutritious components. However, only the inside part of the hazelnut is used as a nutrient, while the rest of it is waste. This study suggests that the waste parts of the Turkish hazelnut could be used as a natural dye for dyeing textile fabrics. The dyeing properties of the leaves, coat, shell and dice of the hazelnut were studied on wool, cotton and viscose fabric by using three different mordants: copper sulphate, iron sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The selected dyed fibre sample surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The colour strength (K/S), light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness levels of the dyed fabrics were investigated. The experimental natural dyeing results indicate that waste hazelnut‐based products can be used as a natural dye for textile coloration. 相似文献
999.
The macroscopic mechanical properties of colloidal particle gels strongly depend on the local arrangement of the powder particles. Experiments have shown that more heterogeneous microstructures exhibit up to one order of magnitude higher elastic properties than their more homogeneous counterparts at equal volume fraction. In this paper, packings of spherical particles are used as model structures to computationally investigate the elastic properties of coagulated particle gels as a function of their degree of heterogeneity. The discrete element model comprises a linear elastic contact law, particle bonding and damping. The simulation parameters were calibrated using a homogeneous and a heterogeneous microstructure originating from earlier Brownian dynamics simulations. A systematic study of the elastic properties as a function of the degree of heterogeneity was performed using two sets of microstructures obtained from Brownian dynamics simulation and from the void expansion method. Both sets cover a broad and to a large extent overlapping range of degrees of heterogeneity. The simulations have shown that the elastic properties as a function of the degree of heterogeneity are independent of the structure generation algorithm and that the relation between the shear modulus and the degree of heterogeneity can be well described by a power law. This suggests the presence of a critical degree of heterogeneity and, therefore, a phase transition between a phase with finite and one with zero elastic properties. 相似文献
1000.
Tim Huber Jörg Müssig Owen Curnow Shusheng Pang Simon Bickerton Mark P. Staiger 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(3):1171-1186
Cellulose is a fascinating biopolymer of almost inexhaustible quantity. While being a lightweight material, it shows outstanding
values of strength and stiffness when present in its native form. Unsurprisingly, cellulose fibre has been rigorously investigated
as a reinforcing component in biocomposites. In recent years, however, a new class of monocomponent composites based on cellulosic
materials, so-called all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have emerged. These new materials promise to overcome the critical problem
of fibre–matrix adhesion in biocomposites by using chemically similar or identical cellulosic materials for both matrix and
reinforcement. A number of papers scattered throughout the polymer, composites and biomolecular science literature have been
published describing non-derivatized and derivatized ACCs. Exceptional mechanical properties of ACCs have been reported that
easily exceed those of traditional biocomposites. Several different processing routes have been applied to the manufacture
of ACCs using a broad range of different solvent systems and raw materials. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review
of the background chemistry and various cellulosic sources investigated, various synthesis routes, phase transformations of
the cellulose, and mechanical, viscoelastic and optical properties of ACCs. The current difficulties and challenges of ACCs
are clearly outlined, pointing the way forward for further exploration of this interesting subcategory of biocomposites. 相似文献