Shared and Non-Shared sIgA-Coated and -Uncoated Bacteria in Intestine of Mother–Infant Pairs

The infant gut microbiota is critical for promoting and maintaining early-life health. The study aimed to analyze the composition of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacterial communities at genus level and lactobacilli and bifidobacterial communities at species level in human breast milk (HBM) and infant and maternal feces. Eleven pregnant women were recruited successfully. HBM; infant feces during colostrum, transition, and mature stages; and maternal feces within the mature stage were collected. sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were separated with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing, bifidobacterial groEL gene sequencing, and lactobacilli groEL gene sequencing were performed to analyze the bacterial community. PCoA revealed that the compositions of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were different among HBM and infant and maternal feces. Higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Bifidobacterium was found in the three lactation stages in infant feces compared to the corresponding HBM, and a higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Faecalibacterium was found in maternal feces compared to HBM and infant feces. For bifidobacterial community, sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis and B. pseudocatenulatum was dominant in infant feces and maternal feces, respectively. The relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis was significantly higher in infant feces compared to that in maternal feces. For the Lactobacillus community, L. paragasseri and L. mucosae were dominant in infant and maternal feces, respectively. HBM and infant and maternal feces showed distinct diversity and composition of both sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria at genus level. Infant and maternal feces showed similar composition of Bifidobacterium at species level. The same Bifidobacterium species could be detected both in sIgA-coated and -uncoated form. This article provided deeper understanding on the microbiota profile in HBM and infant and maternal feces.     

Physical,Chemical, and Biological Properties of Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microparticles Loaded with Porcine Interleukin-1β: A Potential Protein Adjuvant Delivery System

We previously developed chicken interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mutants as single-dose adjuvants that induce protective immunity when co-administered with an avian vaccine. However, livestock such as pigs may require a vaccine adjuvant delivery system that provides long-lasting protection to reduce the need for successive booster doses. Therefore, we developed chitosan-coated alginate microparticles as a carrier for bovine serum albumin (BSA) or porcine IL-1β (pIL-1β) and assessed their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Electrospraying of the BSA-loaded alginate microparticles (BSA/ALG MPs) resulted in an encapsulation efficiency of 50%, and those MPs were then coated with chitosan (BSA/ALG/CHI MPs). Optical and scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize these MPs. The BSA encapsulation parameters were applied to ALG/CHI MPs loaded with pIL-1β, which were not cytotoxic to porcine fibroblasts but had enhanced bio-activity over unencapsulated pIL-1β. The chitosan layer of the BSA/ALG/CHI MPs prevented burst release and facilitated sustained release of pIL-1β for at least 28 days. In conclusion, BSA/ALG/CHI MPs prepared as a carrier for pIL-1β may be used as an adjuvant for the formulation of pig vaccines.     

湖北城市建设职业技术学院藏龙岛校区设计构想

该文从设计理念、空间特色及单体建筑设计的几个方面,简要地介绍了湖北城市建设职业技术学院藏龙岛校区的设计构思。     

法国贝尔纳尔丹铀矿床热液蚀变与成矿特征研究

在总结法国贝尔纳尔丹花岗岩型铀矿床蚀变类型、矿物组合、矿物生成顺序等矿化特征基础上,对矿床的蚀变特征和成矿模式进行了探讨。该矿床含矿围岩分别为英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩(G型)和中-粗粒过铝质二云母浅色花岗岩(L型),其中L型花岗岩为含矿围岩。矿床中与铀矿化密切相关的蚀变类型较多,最典型的当属由富18 O流体进入花岗岩裂隙形成的变正长岩化蚀变,使花岗岩更为碎裂,增加了成矿空间并在之后的流体作用下发生再次蚀变,形成伊利石-蒙脱石并吸附了铀石,伊利石化-蒙脱石化越强烈,铀矿化程度越高。铀矿化是两次蚀变的产物,矿体的形态不仅受变正长岩中形成的裂隙构造所控制,同时矿化还受流经变正长岩的流体和表生作用的控制。     

中国煤矿粉尘危害防治技术现状及发展方向

为了解决煤矿综掘工作面粉尘污染难题,以唐口煤矿3110运输巷综掘工作面为研究对象,对压抽风量比r为0.5、0.8、1.2、1.5条件下的多径向涡旋气幕运移及其阻尘效果开展数值模拟研究。结果表明,随着r的减小,控制风流结构的主要因素由惯性转变为抽风负压,气幕保持径向涡旋状态的轴向运移距离及其前部低速紊流区均随之减小,当r减小至0.8及0.5时,能够在掘进作业区域形成轴向阻尘流场,粉尘污染范围也随之减小。结合综掘工作面实际情况,选取r为0.8,经现场应用,掘进机司机前部断面形成了较为完整的轴向阻尘流场,风速减小至0.38~1.19 m/s,掘进机司机处粉尘质量浓度降至63.0 mg/m³。

     

城市道路视频中小像素目标检测

视频图像中的小像素目标难以检测。针对城市道路视频中的小像素目标,本文提出了一种改进YOLOv3的卷积神经网络Road_Net检测方法。首先,基于改进的YOLOv3,设计了一种新的卷积神经网络Road_Net;其次,针对小像素目标检测更依赖于浅层特征,采用了4个尺度检测方法。最后,结合改进的M-Softer-NMS算法来进一步提高图像中目标的检测精度。为了验证所提出算法的有效性,本文收集并标注了用于城市道路小像素目标物体检测的数据集Road-garbage Dataset,实验结果表明,本文算法能有效地检测出诸如纸屑、石块等在视频中相对于路面的较小像素目标。     

真空成型压力参数对汽车用DF增强PES树脂材料力学性能的影响

在碳纤维 (DF) 内加入聚醚砜 (PES) 树脂法, 利用真空辅助成型 (VARI) 工艺制备得到改性复合材料, 研究真空成型压力参数对汽车用DF增强PES树脂材料力学性能和拉伸断面的影响。研究结果表明:相对于改性前的PES树脂材料拉伸强度, 经过0.1、0.25与0.5 MPa处理得到的改性复合材料在拉伸强度方面依次提升了17.36%、41.39%与29.54%;拉伸模量依次提升1.61%、19.35%与10.48%。相对于原始纤维, 经过改性形成了更加粗糙的表面结构, 使纤维与树脂可以发生更加紧密的结合, 经过改性的PES树脂材料形成的断口具有明显的韧性断裂特点。在0.25 MPa下得到的改性PES树脂材料形成了明显断口结构, 此时的试样获得了最优的拉伸强度与模量。     

牛磺酸对丙烯酰胺致SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用

用丙烯酰胺诱导SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤建立细胞损伤模型,研究牛磺酸对SH-SY5Y细胞的保护作用。MTT法和LDH法测定结果显示:用100⁷00μg/m L丙烯酰胺对SH-SY5Y细胞孵育8 h,细胞存活率下降至52%⁸1%,表明丙烯酰胺对SH-SY5Y细胞有一定的损伤作用,导致细胞膜受损,LDH释放到细胞膜外。经牛磺酸（50、100、200μg/m L）预先孵育1 h后,再用300μg/m L丙烯酰胺对细胞孵育8 h,SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率分别升高至81.6%、92.7%、89.7%,显著高于丙烯酰胺损伤组的细胞存活率（67.6%）;且LDH释放程度呈现出下降趋势,LDH释放率分别为:150.7%、138.8%、113.3%,和丙烯酰胺损伤组的LDH释放率（188.5%）相比均显著降低。该研究结果表明牛磺酸对丙烯酰胺诱导的SHSY5Y细胞损伤具有保护作用。