A monofunctional derivative of melphalan: preparation, DNA alkylation products, and determination of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies that recognize melphalan-DNA adducts

Bifunctional alkylating agents, such as those based on nitrogen mustard, form important parts of many anti-cancer chemotherapy protocols and are responsible for increased incidences of secondary tumors in successfully treated patients. These drugs generally form a majority of monofunctional DNA adducts, although the bifunctional adducts appear to be necessary for their powerful cytotoxic and antitumor effects. The relative importance of bifunctional as opposed to monofunctional adducts in the varied biological consequences of drug exposure has not been studied in detail, particularly in relation to the role and specificity of biochemical responses to therapy-related DNA damage. A simple method is described for the preparation of useful quantities of a pure monofunctional derivative of the nitrogen mustard-based drug melphalan. Monohydroxymelphalan was prepared by partial hydrolysis, purified by reversed phase chromatography, and characterized by MS, NMR, and HPLC. Contamination with melphalan was 相似文献   

The use of an expert system shell to present the mental health act to social workers [1]

This paper examines the development of an expert system shell to present the Mental Health Act 1983 to social workers In Dyfed. It considers the nature of the Mental Health Act and why it was deemed appropriate for such a project. The relevance of such a system to the training of social workers is then considered. The paper then describes the system itself and its potential use. In conclusion the lessons gained by the experiences of those developing the system are outlined.     

European developments in simulating forming processes using three-dimensional finite-element analysis

The development of nonlinear finite-element methods has enabled the analysis of many complex problems. This article overviews current applications and developments in three-dimensional finite-element plasticity techniques for modeling metal-forming processes. The overview covers the period 1986–1991 and concentrates predominantly on nonproprietary work in Europe, although some reference to work in the Far East is included.     

Pulmonary embolus presenting as initial manifestation of renal cell carcinoma

Pulmonary emboli from renal cell carcinoma may be more common than previously suspected. A case is reported of renal cell carcinoma presenting with a massive pulmonary embolus. Pulmonary embolectomy followed by radical nephrectomy with venocavotomy and tumor thrombectomy was successfully performed.