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91.
Kenrick Douglas T.; McCreath Heather E.; Govern John; King Robert; Bordin Jeffrey 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1990,58(4):685
Intersection of personality dimensions (adjustment, likeability, self-control, social inclination, intellectance, and dominance) and taxonomy of everyday settings were examined. In Studies 1 and 2, Ss recalled situations relevant to each personality dimension. Judges categorized into six nondomicile (academic, athletic, business, play, religious, and streets) and six domicile (bedroom, eating room, living room, dormitory room, fraternity or sorority house, and outside house) categories. Trait/setting profiles converged across two methods and two regions. In Study 3, Ss rated visibility of each trait dimension in each setting. Interactions show some settings seen to allow more expression of some traits. Main effects show some settings seen as more generally illuminative, and some traits as more generally visible. Similarities in trait/setting profiles across three studies are discussed; joint importance of situational constraint and public observability in a setting's relevance to display of traits is considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
92.
Three experiments provide evidence that 2 mechanisms, 1 automatic and 1 controlled, produce variations in the efficiency with which local and global forms are processed. Targets are identified faster if they appear at the same level (global or local) as the target on the previous trial. M. R. Lamb, B. London, H. M. Pond, and K. A. Whitt (see record 1997-39043-003) provided evidence that the beneficial effect of level repetition is due to an automatic process that is outside voluntary control. In the present experiments, pretrial cues informed participants as to the level of the upcoming target. Valid cues benefited performance, whereas invalid cues harmed performance relative to noninformative neutral cues. This was so even when the relation between the cue and the level it signaled was arbitrary, indicating that the cues initiated voluntary shifts of attention. The benefit associated with level repetition, however, was unaffected by the cues. These data suggest that the benefit of level repetition results from a process that is not subject to voluntary control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
93.
Sundstrom Eric; McIntyre Michael; Halfhill Terry; Richards Heather 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2000,4(1):44
This article summarizes the Hawthorne studies related to work groups and their legacy and traces applications of work groups and related empirical research through the 1990s. A selective review of empirical studies of work group effectiveness conducted in work settings and published in the last 20 years addresses 4 questions: (a) What identifying features have field researchers used in operationally defining work groups? (b) What research strategies have been used, and to address what kinds of questions? (c) What criteria of work group effectiveness has the field research measured, using what sources of data? (d) What variables have researchers sought to link with measures of work group effectiveness? On the basis of answers to these questions, an agenda for future research about work groups and work teams is suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
94.
Oyserman Daphna; Kemmelmeier Markus; Coon Heather M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,128(1):110
M. H. Bond (2002) (see record 2002-00183-002), A. P. Fiske (2002) (see record 2002-00183-003), S. Kitayama (2002) (see record 2002-00183-004), and J. G. Miller (2002) (see record 2002-00183-005) joined D. Oyserman, H. M. Coon, and M. Kemmelmeier (2002) (see record 2002-00183-001) in highlighting limitations of the individualism-collectivism model of culture. Concern is warranted; nevertheless, individualism-collectivism helps structure discourse on the influence of culture on the mind. To avoid level-of-analysis entanglements, Oyserman et al propose an integrative model that includes distal, proximal, and situated cultural features of societies and internalized models of these features, highlights the importance of subjective construal, and uses evolutionary perspectives to clarify the basic problems cultures address. Framed this way, it is clear that, depending on situational requirements, both individualism- and collectivism-focused strategies are adaptive; thus, it is likely that human minds have adapted to think both ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
95.
Lubold Nichola Walker Erin Pon-Barry Heather 《User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction》2021,31(1):35-73
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction - Social robots such as learning companions, therapeutic assistants, and tour guides are dependent on the challenging task of establishing a rapport with... 相似文献
96.
Cunningham CE Bruce BS Snowdon AW Chen Y Kolga C Piotrowski C Warda L Correale H Clark E Barwick M 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2011,43(6):1999-2009
Automobile crashes are the leading cause of death in children aged 1–14 years. Many children, however, are not properly restrained in safety seats that reduce serious injury and death. This study used a discrete choice conjoint experiment to study factors influencing the decision to use booster seats. Parents of 1714 children aged 4–9 years from nine Canadian provinces completed choice tasks presenting experimentally varied combinations of 15 4-level booster seat promotion attributes. Latent class analysis yielded three segments of parents. The choices of the Benefit Sensitive segment (50%) were most sensitive to the injury prevention benefits of booster seats. The choices of parents in the Context Sensitive segment (33.5%) were more likely to be influenced by installation complexity, oppositional behavior, and the prospect that their child may be teased for riding in booster seats. Parents in the High Risk segment (16.5%) were younger, less educated, and less knowledgeable about vehicle safety legislation. They anticipated fewer benefits, expected more barriers and were less likely to use booster seats. Simulations suggest that consistent enforcement coupled with advertising focusing on injury prevention and the use of booster seats by other parents would increase adoption. 相似文献
97.
Although an intrinsic part of our everyday routines, the dustbin's role as a mediator of changing waste practices has rarely been considered. As bins become reconfigured as environmental technologies for contemporary recycling programmes, is argued that they provide a revealing indicator of new waste relationships in society. These emerging relationships are explored by tracing through a number of past and present bin technologies, showing how they represent changing waste meanings, practices and responsibilities. The future of the bin and how adopting a bin‐centred approach can help researchers and planners reconceptualize waste ‘problems’ and so reconsider waste management strategies are speculated upon. 相似文献
98.
Reviews the book, Child abuse: New directions in prevention and treatment across the lifespan by David A. Wolfe, Robert J. McMahon, and Ray DeV. Peters (see record 1997-30225-000). This edited book offers a diverse collection of chapters that describe innovative approaches to the treatment and prevention of child physical and sexual abuse. Readers can peruse contributions from leaders in the field that depict recent efforts to address the complexity of these problems. This book is a valuable addition to the libraries of researchers, clinicians, and students who are interested in issues related to the treatment and prevention of the physical and sexual abuse of children. It will be especially useful to those already acquainted with the characteristics and consequences of child abuse, who will find their understanding of this topic broadened by its contributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
99.
The rise and 'fall' of expert systems in medicine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heather Heathfield 《Expert Systems》1999,16(3):183-188
This paper represents a personal perspective on the last 13 years of research in medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, and describes the progress of the discipline from its inception to its current status. The challenges faced by researchers are examined, and it is argued that (despite the claims) theoretical and technical limitations are not the major barriers to the successful implementation of medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, but rather more complex professional and organizational issues are at stake. 相似文献
100.
Geffken Gary R.; Lehmkuhl Heather; Walker Kelly N.; Storch Eric A.; Heidgerken Amanda D.; Lewin Adam; Williams Laura B.; Silverstein Janet 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,53(2):231
Purpose/Objective: To examine relations between episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and parental warmth, parental negativity, and lack of responsibility for diabetes-related tasks in a sample of youths with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Method/Design: 100 youths with T1D and their caregivers, recruited from an inpatient diabetes unit and an outpatient diabetes clinic, participated. Participants completed disease-specific measures of family functioning (e.g., parental warmth, parent and child perceptions of negativity, family responsibility for diabetes regimen), and medical information (e.g., glycosylated hemoglobin and incidences of DKA) was obtained from medical records. Results: Results showed that higher child perceptions of parental warmth and caring related to the regimen were associated with decreased odds of experiencing a DKA episode. Child reports of higher parental negativity about the regimen were associated with increased odds of experiencing a DKA episode. Reports of who in the family was responsible for the diabetes regimen were not related to episodes of DKA. Conclusions/Implications: Findings suggested that family factors play a significant role in the occurrence or absence of DKA in children's long-term management of diabetes. Future intervention efforts should focus on warmth, caring, and negativity when children and their parents are problem solving and communicating about the diabetes regimen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献