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101.
Analysis of the S-phase fractions (SPF) measured by in vitro thymidine labeling, morphological appearances, and estrogen receptor (ER) assays of primary invasive breast carcinomas demonstrated several interrelationships. Lobular, mucinous, tubular, and adenocystic carcinomas consistently had low SPF and were usually positive for ER. The same was true for the carcinomas of no special histologic type [the not otherwise specified (NOS) group of E. R. Fisher including "infiltrating ductal" and undifferentiated carcinomas] with minimal anaplasia. Medullary, atypical medullary, and morphologically unclassifiable carcinomas with marked nuclear anaplasia nearly always had high SPF and were usually negative for ER. High SPF was associated with advanced stages of carcinoma initially or with early recurrence following mastectomy. 相似文献
102.
Yun Chen Shahbaz Khan Tariq Rana Akhtar Abbas Heinz Buettikofer 《Water Resources Management》2012,26(11):3077-3093
Australian irrigated agriculture utilises about 70?% of all water used in the country, 21?% of which is derived from groundwater. Sustainability for irrigated agriculture also depends on keeping the watertables at a safe level below the rootzone to avoid salinisation and reduction in crop yields. There is a vital need to understand groundwater and aquifer systems and their roles in the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in order to manage groundwater properly. This study builds on the previous hydrogeological and groundwater investigations of the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in New South Wales of Australia. It presents a new approach which systematically characterises regional hydrogeological environment using a three-dimensional (3-D) conceptual framework developed in ArcGIS. The 3-D hydrological conceptualisation of the CIA has integrated disparate sources of data into a coherent knowledge base for a better visualisation of hydrogeological characteristics and a comprehensive analysis of groundwater flow and aquifers. As an application example, the model was used to develop cross-sectional models of the area and to estimate regional-scale net recharge. The results have provided a basis for the numerical modelling and added values to procedures which underpin irrigation system management investment decisions through improving the understanding of hydrogeology underlying the area and creating an action-oriented dialogue among stakeholders. 相似文献
103.
O. Kolditz S. Bauer N. Böttcher D. Elsworth U.-J. Görke C.-I. McDermott C.-H. Park A.K. Singh J. Taron W. Wang 《Mathematics and computers in simulation》2012
In this paper, conceptual modeling as well as numerical simulation of two-phase flow in deep, deformable geological formations induced by CO2 injection are presented. The conceptual approach is based on balance equations for mass, momentum and energy completed by appropriate constitutive relations for the fluid phases as well as the solid matrix. Within the context of the primary effects under consideration, the fluid motion will be expressed by the extended Darcy's law for two phase flow. Additionally, constraint conditions for the partial saturations and the pressure fractions of carbon dioxide and brine are defined. To characterize the stress state in the solid matrix, the effective stress principle is applied. Furthermore, the interaction of fluid and solid phases is illustrated by constitutive models for capillary pressure, porosity and permeability as functions of saturation. Based on this conceptual model, a coupled system of nonlinear differential equations for two-phase flow in a deformable porous matrix (H2M model) is formulated. As the displacement vector acts as primary variable for the solid matrix, multiphase flow is simulated using both pressure/pressure or pressure/saturation formulations. An object-oriented finite element method is used to solve the multi-field problem numerically. The capabilities of the model and the numerical tools to treat complex processes during CO2 sequestration are demonstrated on three benchmark examples: (1) a 1-D case to investigate the influence of variable fluid properties, (2) 2-D vertical axi-symmetric cross-section to study the interaction between hydraulic and deformation processes, and (3) 3-D to test the stability and computational costs of the H2M model for real applications. 相似文献
104.
Carl Heinz Brieskorn und Günter Blosczyk 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1981,172(3):201-205
Zusammenfassung Die Cuticula von Traubenschalen enthält neben Oleanolsäure noch 3-Oxo-olean-12-en28-säure, 3-Hydroxi-olean-12-en-28-aldehyd, 3,29-Dihydroxi-olean-12-en-28-säure sowie zwei bisher unbekannte Triterpensäuren. Ihre Strukturen werden durch spektroskopische Daten als 16-Hydroxi-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-säure und 16-Hydroxi-3-oxo-oleana-1,12-dien-28-säure belegt.
New triterpenic acids from the peel of grapes
Summary The grape-cuticle contains beside oleanolic acid, 3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-aldehyde, 3,29-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, and two yet hitherto unknown triterpenic acids. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods to be l6-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid and 16-hydroxy-3-oxo-oleana-1,12-dien-28-oic acid.相似文献
105.
众所周知,微生物,如藻类、细菌、霉菌(真菌和酵母)以及病毒可在物品的表面寄生和存活,尤其是当死角、粗糙的表面或微缝中有残存的营养物质时,微生物…在聚合物表面的生长可导致褪色、污渍、臭味、生物膜、交叉感染并最终降低机械强度,降低产品使用寿命。汽巴可为解决上述的问 相似文献
106.
The superconducting transition temperatureT
c
of a Nb3Sn diffusion wire has been studied as a function of low-temperature neutron irradiation (T=10 K).T
c
is observed to be essentially constant until the fast neutron dose t (for neutron energiesE>0.1 MeV) exceeds a value of 1018 n/cm2; after this valueT
c
decreases linearly with t up to the maximum applied dose of 1.05×1019 n/cm2. Comparison with theory and other experimental data indicates that radiation-induced disorder is the primary mechanism for the observedT
c
changes.Work supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
107.
Filter-driven optimization based on the extended Kalman filter concept is used here for the numerical solution of crack and
flaw identification problems in elastodynamics. The mechanical modeling of the studied two-dimensional problem, which includes
the effect of unilateral contact along the sides of the crack, is done with the help of the boundary element method. The effect
of various dynamical test loads and the applicability of this method for crack and defect identification in disks are investigated.
The work has been supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Partial support has been provided by a Greek-German Research
Cooperation Grant (IKYDA2001). This support is greatfully acknowledged. 相似文献
108.
Marek Engelhardt Martin Schanz Georgios E. Stavroulakis Heinz Antes 《Optimization and Engineering》2006,7(1):63-79
An inverse problem in engineering mechanics is considered where the position and the geometry of three-dimensional, ellipsoidal
defects are identified by using measurements of the mechanical response under static loading on the external surface of the
structure. The problem is solved by appropriate combination of genetic optimization (GO) and boundary element method (BEM)
and following previously published two-dimensional problems. The three-dimensional case presents some additional difficulties.
Furthermore, the function of several genetic operators and the effect of the parameters of genetic optimization on the efficiency
of the solution has been numerically examined. 相似文献
109.
HAN Yingchao LI Shipu Ingo Bauer WANG Xinyu WANG Youfa 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2005,20(B12):203-205
The nanocrystalline Eu^3+ doped calcium phosphate was prepared by calcining precursors, which were got by precipitation method combined with ultrasound treatment and some polysaccharide. The existence of Eu^3+ inhibited the reaction of Na^+ ion and SO4^2- radical with apatite and resulted in the transformation of HAP to β- TCP by replacing the calcium ions. The strongest excitation peak was at 393 nm, and other lower peaks were at 361 nm, 375 nm, 381 nm, 418nm. The strongest emission spectrum appeared at about 618nm. The emission peak (579 nm) showed that Eu^3+ ions distributed on Ca^2+ sites of the apatitic structure. 相似文献
110.
The use of thermodynamic, statistical, and light and electron‐optical microscopic methods has made it possible to analyse the course of reactions during steel‐plant‐internal hot metal desulphurisation. The theoretical dependence between oxygen and sulphur activity has been used to develop an EMF‐measurement‐based technique for determining the sulphur content as the hot metal is desulphurised. The absence of magnesium sulphide from the collection of phases in the final slag because of the greater stability and secondary formation of calcium sulphide has been explained with the aid of thermo‐chemical calculations. 相似文献