Kernel analysis of partial least squares (PLS) regression models

An analytical technique based on kernel matrix representation is demonstrated to provide further chemically meaningful insight into partial least squares (PLS) regression models. The kernel matrix condenses essential information about scores derived from PLS or principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, it becomes possible to establish the proper interpretation of the scores. A PLS model for the total nitrogen (TN) content in multiple Thai fish sauces is built with a set of near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectra of the fish sauce samples. The kernel analysis of the scores effectively reveals that the variation of the spectral feature induced by the change in protein content is substantially associated with the total water content and the protein hydration. Kernel analysis is also carried out on a set of time-dependent infrared (IR) spectra representing transient evaporation of ethanol from a binary mixture solution of ethanol and oleic acid. A PLS model to predict the elapsed time is built with the IR spectra and the kernel matrix is derived from the scores. The detailed analysis of the kernel matrix provides penetrating insight into the interaction between the ethanol and the oleic acid.     

Effect of Manganese Oxide Additive on the Dielectric Properties of Mixed-Sintering Ceramics

The influence of internal electrode material on the sintering of mixed-sintering ceramics and the effect of MnO₂ additive on improving their dielectric properties were investigated for their application as multilayer ceramic capacitors. The resistivities of mixed-sintering ceramic pellets sintered with Ag-Pd electrode material decreased remarkably because of the expulsion of component elements during sintering. A small amount of MnO₂ additive improved the resistivities. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis showed that MnO₂ exists in the grain boundaries and compensates for the electrical valence of the expelled elements.     

煅烧炉用喷射耐火料的近期发展趋向

开发了一种干式喷射隔热材料,其热导率与隔热板一样低.它正取代普通的隔热板,因它的安装方便,工作环境较好.另外,我们已开发了新的湿式喷射料体系,它效率高,工作环境好.     

Evidence of spin density wave of CeOs4Sb12

Elastic neutron diffraction measurements were performed on single crystals to study the ground state below the mysterious exotic transition temperature 0.86 K. An antiferromagnetic order with a tiny moment of 0.027μB per formula is formedas the ground state for CeOs4Sb12 below the transition point. Our neutron data gives the evidence of spin density wave state for CeOs4Sb12 in this work.     

The deformation of beams structured by thin walls

Nowadays our society demands the reuse of industrial products. Then we should not only re-investigate the materials of products but also originate a new design method of industrial products. We have investigated the cellular structure by using abandoned paper, because the cell's shape can be proposed arbitrarily by folding a paper. As examples, we have proposed the structure constructed by connecting many folded cells formed in a hexagonal cross area. This structure will have characteristics such as almost high rigidity, high stiffness, crushing stress, relative insensitivity to the overall loss of stability. To estimate the characteristics of these structures, we must analyze the deformation in loading. When the structure with thin walls formed by paper is loaded, the shape of deformation is different from that of the metal, wall swells and does not maintain its flatness. Therefore, we cannot apply the traditional theory of elasticity for the analysis. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method by analyzing the swelling.     

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to methane in aqueous NaHCO3 solution at less than 273 K

The electrochemical reduction of CO₂ on a Cu electrode was investigated in aqueous NaHCO₃ solution, at low temperature. A divided H-type cell was employed, the catholyte was 0.65 mol dm⁻³ NaHCO₃ aqueous solution and the anolyte was 1.1 mol dm⁻³ KHCO₃ aqueous solution. The temperature during the electrolysis of CO₂ was decreased stepwise to 271 K. Methane and formic acid were obtained as the main products. The maximum Faradaic efficiency of methane was 46% at −2.0 V and 271 K. The efficiency of hydrogen formation, a competing reaction of CO₂ reduction, was significantly depressed with decreasing temperature. Based on the results of this work, the proposed electrochemical method appears to be a viable means for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere and converting it into more valuable chemicals. The synthesis of methane by the electrochemical method might be of practical interest for fuel production and the storage of solar energy.     

Blocking Probability in Link-Frame Systems from the Viewpoint of Overflow Processes

From the development of the work concerning the overflow processes due to Palm and Taḱcs, we consider the blocking probability in four-stage type systems which are used for telephone services as speech-path connecting networks in central systems. First, the events causing failure in channel matching in the system and the stochastic properties in the system are considered. After that distribution of interval-times between the instants at which the link blocking occurs is considered from the viewpoint of overflow processes, taking into consideration the above obtained results, and finally this distribution and the blocking probability are determined.     

Application of tritium radioluminography to the detection of hydrogen diffusion in Ti-Cr alloy

Tritium radioluminography has been applied to determine the hydrogen (H) diffusion coefficients in Ti₅₀Cr₅₀ and Ti₄₀Cr₆₀ alloys, both with two-phase structures of a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase and a Laves phase. Using radioluminography, H distributions in those phases have been observed, and H penetration profiles have been measured. The tritium diffusion coefficients in the Ti₅₀Cr₅₀ and Ti₄₀Cr₆₀ alloys have been successfully determined by analyzing the tritium penetration profiles to be 3.3±0.3 × 10^?12 and 1.4±0.1×10^?12 m²/s, respectively. These values suggest that the H diffusion in the Laves phase is slower than that in the bcc phase. It is also suggested that H diffuses by short-circuiting diffusion through the interface between the bcc phase and the Laves phase.     

Photoresponsive liquid membrane transport of alkali metal ions using crowned spirobenzopyrans

Several azacrown ether derivatives, which are monoaza-12-crown-4, -15-crown-5, and -18-crown-6 and diaza-12-crown-4 and -18-crown-6, bearing one or two spirobenzopyran(s), which we call crowned spirobenzopyran or crowned bis(spirobenzopyran), were synthesized and were used as carriers for liquid membrane transport of alkali metal ions. The passive alkali metal transports through liquid membranes containing crowned spirobenzopyrans were carried out under dark, and UV- and visible-light irradiation conditions. The metal ion transport was accelerated and retarded by UV- and visible-light irradiation, respectively. On the other hand, the photoresponse of the metal ion selectivity in membrane transport by crowned spirobenzopyrans was different, depending on the kind of crown ether units. Especially, diaza-12-crown-4-bis(spirobenzopyran) exhibited an excellently selective and effective transporting ability for Li(+). The uphill transports of Li(+) through a liquid membrane containing monoaza-12-crown-4-spirobenzopyran or diaza-12-crown-4-bis(spirobenzopyran) were realized under the conditions where the same aqueous solution was used as the source and receiving phases with UV and visible lights being irradiated onto the boundary phases between the source and membrane phases and between the receiving and membrane phases, respectively. The uphill transport of Li(+) from the source to receiving phases through a liquid membrane containing a crowned spirobenzopyran was also attained by the proton-concentration gradient between the source and receiving phases under dark conditions, and the transporting ability was remarkably increased by photoirradiation.