Bisanthracene‐Based Donor–Acceptor‐type Light‐Emitting Dopants: Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Emission in Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

Deep‐blue fluorescent compounds are particularly important in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). A donor–accepotor (DA)‐type blue‐emitting compound, 1‐(10‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)anthracen‐9‐yl)‐4‐(10‐(4‐cyanophenyl)anthracen‐9‐yl)benzene ( BD3 ), is synthesized, and for comparison, a nonDA‐type compound, 1,4‐bis(10‐phenylanthracene‐9‐yl)benzene ( BD1 ) and a weak DA‐type compound, 1‐(10‐phenylanthracen‐9‐yl)‐4‐(10‐(4‐cyanophenyl)anthracen‐9‐yl)‐benzene ( BD2 ), are also synthesized. The twisted conformations of the two anthracene units in the compounds, confirmed by single crystal X‐ray analysis, effectively prevent π‐conjugation, and the compound shows deep‐blue photoluminescence (PL) with a high PL quantum efficiency, almost independent of the solvent polarity, resulting from the absence of an intramolecular charge transfer state. The DA‐type molecule BD3 in a non‐doped device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.2% with a slight roll‐off, indicating good charge balance due to the DA‐type molecular design. In the doped device with 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) host, the BD3 exhibits higher EQE than 10% with Commission International de L'Eclairge (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) and a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 45 nm, which is close to the CIE of the high definition television standard blue.     

A digital application of chaotic oscillation modes in Josephson circuit

Novel digital circuits utilizing the chaotic oscillation and its associated oscillations produced in a Josephson junction (JJ) circuit are proposed, as an application of chaotic oscillations in JJ circuit. To begin with, what oscillation modes can be produced in a JJ circuit are described in detail. Next, a novel idea showing the possibility of digital circuits by use of chaotic oscillations is proposed. As an example, the fundamental digital circuits performing AND, NAND, Exclusive-OR, and so on are shown. The simulation results of these novel digital circuits show that reliable and high performance circuits can be realized by utilizing chaotic behavior. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Miscibility between natural rubber and tackifiers. II. Phase diagrams of the blends of natural rubber and petroleum resins

Natural rubber (NR) was blended in various ratios with 12 kinds of tackifiers that were prepared from petroleum. The blends were heated to various temperatures (20–120°C) to investigate their miscibility. The blends were visually observed for transparency or opacity at each temperature and further observed under an optical microscope for any existence of phase-separated structure. Miscibility of the blends is illustrated as phase diagrams in this article. NR/aliphatic resin systems and NR/aliphatic-aromatic copolymer systems showed phase diagrams of the lower critical solution temperature type, wherein the blends turned faintly cloudy over the binodal curves. The NR/hydrogenated petroleum resin system also showed a phase diagram of the lower critical solution temperature type. The miscible range of a blend system tends to become smaller as the molecular weight of a tackifier increases. Resins prepared by polymerization of pure aromatic monomers were completely immiscible with NR. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 221–229, 1998     

Variable Taylor realization and improved approximation of FIR fractional delay systems

A modular realization, based on the Taylor structure, is proposed for a maximally flat fractional delay FIR systems. The realization enjoys independence of the multiplier coefficients to changes of the system order, availability of closed-form formulas and recurrence for the multiplier coefficients, requirement of one less multiplier coefficient compared to the direct-form realizations, and existence of schemes for efficient variable delay and order implementations. It is shown that for a variable delay structure, the coefficient updating operation can be performed efficiently using a simple recurrence, and the transient effects can be mitigated to at most two samples. A modified form of the structure with enhanced modularity is also proposed for odd-order systems. Two variable delay schemes are proposed for this modified structure: A transient-free scheme and a scheme that provides to gradually improve the approximations during the transient phase. A method is also proposed for improved approximation under a fixed total number of variable multiplier coefficients. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Proposal of new iterative scheme in GMRES

In the paper, GMRES is applied to various large matrices appearing in 3D field analyses. By changing the condition of the matrices, effective preconditioning of the matrix is sought. Also studied is a relationship between the residual norm and the precision evaluated during GMRES. The paper shows that the residual norm, which is indirectly computed in GMRES and has so far been used as a measure of precision, cannot be used as an indicator of the solution's accuracy. After discussing deterioration of precision, GMRES(m1), which solves matrices with a modified iterative scheme, is proposed. It is to be confirmed that GMRES(m1) is faster and more accurate than any of GMRES and its modified version, GMRES(m). © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 123(4): 15–24, 1998     

Generalized fuzzy inference neural network using a self-organizing feature map

A new model for generalized fuzzy inference neural networks (GFINN) is proposed in this paper. The networks consist of three layers: an input-output layer, an if layer, and a then layer. In each layer, there are the operational nodes. A GFINN can perform three representative fuzzy inference methods by changing the connectivity and the operational nodes. There are three learning processes in a GFINN: a self-organizing process, a rule-integration process, and a LMS learning process. In the rule-integration process, a GFINN employs two feature maps in order to integrate appropriate rules effectively. Computer simulations were carried out to show the superiority of a GFINN over back-propagation networks. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(3): 40–49, 1998     

Effect of metallic wire inserted in nozzle in high-speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

High-speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was performed using a spinning nozzle with an inserted metallic wire of various lengths (0, 8, 30, and 45 mm). The molecular orientation of as-spun fibers increased with the increase in the wire length at all the take-up velocities examined. Along with the enhanced molecular orientation, the longer wire length led to the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower take-up velocities. The structure of crystallized fibers obtained at low speeds can be characterized by high crystallinity and relatively low molecular orientation. From the on-line measurement of the diameter and temperature profiles of the spin line with the 30-mm metallic wire, it was revealed that the spin-line had a maximum diameter of about 6 mm at the wire end. The spin-line temperature at this position was about 190°C. The solidification of the spin-line occurred at positions much closer to the spinneret in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning. These results show that high-speed spinning with a wire inserted in the nozzle corresponds to a spinning process operated at extremely low extrusion temperature using a nozzle with an extremely large diameter. From the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower levels of birefringence in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning, the alteration of the inherent fiber structure that cannot be represented by birefringence was also suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 665–674, 1998     

Fabrication and properties of one-mask-patterned ferroelectric integrated capacitors

A one-mask-patterned ferroelectric capacitor test structure designed with a 0.5-μm feature size was fabricated. Oxygen plasma treatment after dry etching decreased the leakage current to as low as that of as-deposited film. These one-mask-patterned ferroelectric capacitors, with switching charge almost equal to as-deposited film, were successfully fabricated. Ferroelectric memories as dense as dynamic random access memories will become possible with this technology. However, the leakage current density for micron-sized capacitors is 2 to 10 times that of large capacitors. The leakage current in small capacitors is increased due to perimeter leakage that runs through the damaged region on the capacitor sidewall. © Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(1): 43–50, 1997     

A new class of transparent polymeric materials. III. Miscible blends of poly(N-methylmaleimide-alt-isobutene) with poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) and the properties of the blends

The blend miscibility of poly(N-methylmaleimide-alt-isobutene) [poly-(MeMI-IB)] with poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) (SAN) was investigated by means of measurement of the glass transition temperature of the blends. Poly(MeMI-IB) was found to be miscible with SAN of a specific range of acrylonitrile (AN) contents in the copolymer to produce transparent moldings. The refractive index changed from 1.58 to 1.53 and the dispersion decreased with increasing the amount of poly(MeMI-IB) in the blends. The stress optical coefficient of poly(MeMI-IB) was found to be reduced by the blending of SAN. The glass transition temperature, flexural modulus, and surface hardness of the blends increased with an increase in the amount of poly(MeMI-IB) in the blend. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 925–929, 1997     

Gelation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/ethylene glycol solutions and properties of gels

The melting temperature of the gels of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/ethylene glycol (EG) system was measured. It was found that the temperature was independent of the thermal hysteresis. The apparent enthalpy of the fusion of the junction, ΔH, was 206 kJ/mol for a high molecular weight atactic PVA (HDP α-PVA), 172 kJ/mol for a low molecular weight syndiotacticity-rich PVA (LDP s-PVA), and 238 kJ/mol for an HDP s-PVA. The gels obtained by chilling at temperatures over 80°C or by gradual cooling are considered to have larger microcrystals. The Young's modulus of the HDP α-PVA drawn films were highest among the samples tested. The maximum and mean Young's moduli of the HDP α-PVA films drawn 15 times the original length were 37 and 26 GPa, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1283–1289, 1997