客户机／服务器计算环境

本文介绍了客户机／服务器计算环境的基本概念和产生背景，阐述了客户机／服务器计算中操作系统的选择原则及企业级客户机／服务器计算环境的特点。     

Crescentic glomerulonephritis in interferon-gamma receptor deficient mice

Activation of macrophages by T cells is considered an initiating event in glomerular crescent formation. Since interferon-gamma (INF gamma) is a key mediator in T-cell-mediated activation of macrophages, we decided to test its role in a model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. An anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) serum was injected intravenously in presensitized wild-type or IFN gamma receptor deficient (IFN gamma(R)-/-) mice. Glomerulonephritis with glomerular crescents and tubulointerstitial inflammation developed in both strains, even though most evaluated morphological parameters and proteinuria indicated a less severe pathology in the mutant mice compared to the wild type. Thus, IFN gamma is not essential either for glomerular crescent formation or for tubulointerstitial involvement in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis in mice. In conclusion, the role of macrophages in this model might have been overestimated, or other cytokines may compensate for deficient IFN gamma signaling in the activation of macrophages.     

Les enjeux économiques de ľinterconnexion des réseaux

The network interconnection and its regulation consist in solving the following dilemma: increase competition and preserve the universal service through access charges, which symbolizes today institutional organization within the telecommunication industry. This paper presents some of the economic and social factors that drive the interconnection policies namely ona (open network architecture) in the United States, or onp (open network provision) in Europe. In the first section, we list some social and economical issues related to open network policies. In the second section, we study the different answers brought up by the regulator through alternative interconnection price formulas. In conclusion, we discuss the stakes and risks of interconnection, while the technological evolution of network introduces intelligent software in switching équipement and implements the tremendous abilities of the digital broadband networks.     

Extending the Kernighan/Lin Heuristic for Hardware and Software Functional Partitioning

The Kernighan/Lin graph partitioning heuristic, also known as min-cut or group migration, has been extended over several decades very successfully for circuit partitioning. Those extensions customized the heuristic and its associated data structure to rapidly compute the minimum-cut metric central to circuit partitioning; as such, those extensions are not directly applicable to other problems. In this paper, we extend the heuristic for functional partitioning, which in turn can solve the much investigated codesign problem of partitioning a system's coarse-grained functions among hardware and software components. The key extension customizes the heuristic and data structure to rapidly compute execution-time and communication metrics, crucial to hardware and software partitioning, and leads to near-linear time-complexity and excellent resulting quality. Another extension uses a new criteria for terminating the heuristic, eliminating time-consuming and unnecessary fine-tuning of a partition. Our experiments demonstrate extremely fast execution times (just a few seconds) with results matched only by the slower simulated annealing heuristic, meaning that the extended Kernighan/Lin heuristic will likely prove hard to beat for hardware and software functional partitioning.     

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after mitral valve replacement

A method of posterior mitral annulus remodeling is presented. The posterior annulus is divided into three segments, each segment encircled by a suture that is passed in a tourniquet. Coaptation of the leaflets can be achieved by tightening the tourniquets while the ventricle is being filled. This technique is simple and quick, avoids the use of foreign material, and requires less expertise and judgment than traditional annuloplasties.     

镀锌测厚仪

本文叙述了Ｘ射线荧光测厚仪的原理、特点及测量头的设计考虑原则。并以我们研制的两种镀锌测得仪为例作了详细说明。     

Hydrogen-assisted cracking

This article reviews a number of case studies involving hydrogen-assisted cracking in steels. Before the case studies are presented, the current state of understanding of hydrogen-assisted cracking is briefly reviewed. At present there are two leading approaches to the development of a mechanism of hydrogen-assisted cracking, one based upon bond weakening, and the other upon strain localization. As the case studies illustrate, hydrogen-assisted cracking can lead to failures in perhaps unexpected circumstances. The need for the wider dissemination of information about hydrogen cracking to design engineers is indicated.     

蒸馏与减粘热联合装置的设备腐蚀及防护

介绍了锦西石化分公司南蒸馏与减粘热联合装置炼制辽河高酸值原油及带炼高硫进口油在 2 0 0～40 0℃范围内对设备、管线和阀门的腐蚀特点、腐蚀机理以及针对高温环烷酸腐蚀所采取的防护措施。通过试验和理论分析 ,提出了应用新材料和新工艺解决减粘后高温渣油系统的腐蚀及低温露点腐蚀的建议     

Temperature-induced phase change in a fat. A study by electron spin resonance

Electron Spin Resonance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and rheological techniques have been used to study the physical changes induced by temperature in lard and in the solid and liquid fractions obtained by fractionation of lard at 15 C. The mobilization process of a C18 fatty acid nitroxide derivative dispersed in the molten fat has been observed in the temperature range −50 to +70 C. The mobilization of the probe seemed to be concomitant with the melting of the low melting point glycerides. Above this temperature, all the probes were in the liquid phase and their mobility reflected the viscosity of their liquid environment, or the viscosity of the bulk fat when crystal was no longer present. Probe mobility was temperature dependent, and it was identical for the three fats at the same temperature, despite their different triglyceride compositions.