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排序方式: 共有1264条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Holger Fritze 《Journal of Electroceramics》2006,17(2-4):625-630
Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14, LGS) and gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) resonators exhibit piezoelectrically exited bulk acoustic waves at temperatures of up to at least 1400∘C and 900∘C, respectively. Their mass sensitivity at elevated temperatures has been found to be about as high as that of quartz at room
temperature. Within its operation temperature range, GaPO4 shows significantly lower losses than LGS.
Factors restricting application relevant properties of LGS at elevated temperatures, such as the mass resolution, include
excessive viscous damping. Therefore, the effective viscosity is determined as a function of the temperature by fitting the
calculated complex impedance to the experimental data in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. The viscosity shows an Arrhenius-like
behavior if a temperature independent contribution is subtracted. The activation energies of the viscosity for LGS and GaPO4 correspond to those of the bulk electrical conductivity for each material. Viscosity and conductivity are obviously correlated.
Therefore, it is highly likely that the predominant conductivity mechanism also controls the mechanical damping. First attempts
to minimize the viscosity of LGS by doping are undertaken. Very light doping does, however, not change the conductivity and
viscosity of LGS. Higher doping levels have to be applied and tested.
Based on the electromechanical properties given for undoped LGS, the applicability of this material as resonant gas sensor
at 600∘C is demonstrated. 相似文献
42.
Holger Friedrich Oliver Rogalla Ru¨diger Dillmann 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》1998,9(2):119-127
Currently, an important topic of robotic research is the design and development of multi-agent robot systems (MASs). In these a number of autonomous robots cooperate and coordinate themselves in order to pursue given goals. The agents of an MAS not only have to work autonomously or in cooperation with other agents, but in dynamic, relatively unstructured environments. Therefore, the agents require agent-specific but flexible skills to cope with their tasks and the environment's variability. On the other hand, the actions to be performed by agents in an MAS have to meet certain requirements imposed by the MAS's structure. The representation of actions has to support planning, inter-agent communication, task negotiation etc. In this paper, we describe a method of combining the agent-specific nature of skills with the requirements for a general action knowledge representation inherent to MASs, by presenting elementary operations (EOs) that provide an appropriate interface. 相似文献
43.
Zinc-porphyrin dye molecules were incorporated into the backbone of a conjugated polymer material by a method, which allowed for the incorporation of only one zinc-porphyrin dye molecule into the backbone of each conjugated polymer molecule. The electronic properties of the homopolymer were established using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) for the determination of the electronic energy levels and the injection barrier for holes into the valence band. Pulse radiolysis time resolved microwave conductivity (PR-TRMC) was used to determine the sum of charge carrier mobilities. Electroluminescent devices of the homopolymer itself and of the zinc-porphyrin containing polymer were prepared and the nature of the electroluminescence was characterized. The homopolymer segments were found to optically pump the emission of the zinc-porphyrin dye moities. The homopolymer exhibits blue-green emission and the zinc-porphyrin linked homopolymers emit near-infrared/infrared light. This was demonstrated to be due to electroluminescence pumping of the zinc-porphyrin moieties that were covalently linked to homopolymer material. When only one zinc-porphyrin dye was incorporated into the backbone of each homopolymer molecule complete suppression of homopolymer electroluminescence was observed with exclusive near-infrared emission. 相似文献
44.
Kapp N Kreyling W Schulz H Im Hof V Gehr P Semmler M Geiser M 《Microscopy research and technique》2004,63(5):298-305
Epidemiologic studies have associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with ambient particulate air pollution. Particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter (ultrafine particles) are present in the urban atmosphere in very high numbers yet at very low mass concentration. Organs beyond the lungs are considered as targets for inhaled ultrafine particles, whereby the route of particle translocation deeper into the lungs is unclear. Five rats were exposed to aerosols of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles of a count median diameter of 22 nm (geometric standard deviation, GSD 1.7) for 1 hour. The lungs were fixed by intravascular perfusion of fixatives immediately thereafter. TiO(2) particles in probes of the aerosol as well as in systematic tissue samples were analyzed with a LEO 912 transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy filter for elemental microanalysis. The characteristic energy loss spectra were obtained by fast spectrum acquisition. Aerosol particles as well as those in the lung tissue were unambiguously identified by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Particles were mainly found as small clusters with a rounded shape. Seven percent of the particles in the lung tissue had a needle-like shape. The size distribution of the cluster profiles in the tissue had a count median diameter of 29 nm (GSD 1.7), which indicates no severe clustering or reshaping of the originally inhaled particles. Electron energy loss spectroscopy and related analytical methods were found to be suitable to identify and localize ultrafine titanium dioxide particles within chemically fixed and resin-embedded lung tissue. 相似文献
45.
Shahram Izadi Mike Fraser Steve Benford Martin Flintham Chris Greenhalgh Tom Rodden Holger Schnädelbach 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2002,6(4):290-298
The Citywide project is exploring ways in which technology can provide people with rich and engaging digital experiences
as they move through physical space, including historical experiences, performances and games. This paper describes some initial
results and experiences with this project based upon two prototype demonstrators. In the first, we describe an application
in which a search party explores an archaeological site, uncovering enacted scenes within the virtual world that are of a
historical relevance to their particular physical location. In the second, we describe a museum experience where participants
explore an outdoors location, hunting for buried virtual artifacts that they then bring back to a museum for a more detailed
study. Our demonstrators employ a varied set of devices, including mobile wireless interfaces for locating hotspots of virtual
activity when outdoors, to give different experiences of the virtual world depending upon location, task, available equipment
and accuracy of tracking. We conclude by discussing some of the potential advantages of using an underlying shared virtual
world to support interactive experiences across extended physical settings. 相似文献
46.
Qi Zhou Tijana Perovic Ines Fechner Lowell T. Edgar Peter R. Hoskins Holger Gerhardt Timm Krüger Miguel O. Bernabeu 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2021,18(179)
Sprouting angiogenesis is an essential vascularization mechanism consisting of sprouting and remodelling. The remodelling phase is driven by rearrangements of endothelial cells (ECs) within the post-sprouting vascular plexus. Prior work has uncovered how ECs polarize and migrate in response to flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS). However, the question of how the presence of erythrocytes (widely known as red blood cells (RBCs)) and their impact on haemodynamics affect vascular remodelling remains unanswered. Here, we devise a computational framework to model cellular blood flow in developmental mouse retina. We demonstrate a previously unreported highly heterogeneous distribution of RBCs in primitive vasculature. Furthermore, we report a strong association between vessel regression and RBC hypoperfusion, and identify plasma skimming as the driving mechanism. Live imaging in a developmental zebrafish model confirms this association. Taken together, our results indicate that RBC dynamics are fundamental to establishing the regional WSS differences driving vascular remodelling via their ability to modulate effective viscosity. 相似文献
47.
48.
Qamer Zia Davide Tranchida René Androsch Holger Schönherr 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(7):3040-3045
In this study the effects of crystal habit, crystallinity and superstructure on the modulus of elasticity of isotactic polypropylene
films were analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) nanoindentation. The modulus of elasticity, evaluated on the nanometer
scale by AFM, showed a qualitatively similar dependence on the crystal habit, crystallinity and superstructure as the modulus
of elasticity measured by dynamic-mechanical analysis and tensile testing. The observed values of both the surface stiffness
measured by AFM and the macroscopic/bulk stiffness were distinctly larger in the presence of non-isometric lamellae organized
in spherulite than in the presence of isometric nodular crystals, not organized in a spherulitic superstructure. The experimental
data showed that the modulus of elasticity is not primarily influenced by the presence or absence of spherulite but by the
molecular-deformation constraint associated to the crystal habit. 相似文献
49.
50.
This article develops methods to estimate the tail and full distribution of the lengths of the 0-intervals in a continuous time stationary ergodic stochastic process that takes the values 0 and 1 in alternating intervals. The setting is that each of many such 0–1 processes has been observed during a short time window. Thus, the observed 0-intervals could be noncensored, right-censored, left-censored, or doubly-censored, and the lengths of 0-intervals that are ongoing at the beginning of the observation window have a length-biased distribution. We exhibit parametric conditional maximum likelihood estimators for the full distribution, develop maximum likelihood tail estimation methods based on a semiparametric generalized Pareto model, and propose goodness-of-fit plots. Finite sample properties are studied by simulation, and asymptotic normality is established for the most important case. The methods are applied to estimation of the length of off-road glances in the 100-car study, a big naturalistic driving experiment. Supplementary materials that include MatLab code for the estimation routines and a simulation study are available online. 相似文献