不同配比Ni-Cr系涂层非线性动力学系统的抗腐蚀性能研究

采用非线性动力学系统的BP数据网络进行管材涂层腐蚀性能预测。首先采用增重法获取9种腐蚀工况下的增重数据,将获取的数据用于构建BP神经网络模型,通过传输和反演操作设置拓扑结构为6×15×1的BP神经网络,然后基于90组实验数据用于验证和评价BP神经网络预测模型,最后通过对优选出的涂层进行Ni-Cr系涂层的机理分析,从而解决生物质电站锅炉"四管"的腐蚀问题,研发的抗腐蚀涂层具有较好的经济性和实用性。     

气体捕捉法制备泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构与性能评价

基于气体捕捉法制备泡沫钛三明治结构工艺,对以钢包套+Ti-6Al-4V板+Ti-6Al-4V粉的封装工艺制备的泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构预制坯进行了900℃下不同变形量的轧制,并进行了950℃/10h的等温发泡。通过SEM对不同状态的三明治结构芯部孔洞状态进行观察和测量,探究了轧制变形量对泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构预制坯等温发泡行为的影响。结果表明:轧制主要是以沿轧制方向拉长孔洞和增加孔洞连通的方式影响泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构芯部,且轧制变形量越大越严重,但对孔洞内壁形态及孔洞在垂直于轧向平面内的形态未产生影响。当预制坯轧制变形量为80%时,经等温发泡成功制备了面板厚度为362μm,芯部孔隙率达到40%的泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构,其在高应变速率下抗压强度达到824.8 MPa,400℃下热导率仅为致密金属的52.8%。     

La1-xNdxB6单晶的制备及热电子发射性能

以LaB_6和NdB_6粉末为原料,采用区域熔炼法成功制备了大尺寸、高质量的多元稀土六硼化物La_(1-x)Nd_xB_6(x=0.1~0.3)单晶,并测试了该系列单晶(100)晶面的热电子发射性能。本实验制备的单晶长度大于40mm,直径大于4mm。单晶衍射、劳埃照片、晶面摇摆曲线、单晶断口扫描等检测结果表明单晶质量较高,热发射测试结果表明在1 873K、4 000V下,单晶零场电流发射密度随着Nd含量增加从6.01A/cm~2降为4.83A/cm~2,有效逸出功从2.88eV增大到2.95eV。     

Ternary interfacial superstructure enabling extraordinary hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis

Realizing large-scale electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline and neutral media by robust and non-noble-metal heterogeneous catalysts is highly ambitious due to the sluggish reaction kinetics at low H⁺ conditions. Herein, highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, comprising Ni, NiO clusters, and defective carbon, are successfully constructed via a facile and large-scale route. Multiple synchrotron radiation-based X-ray spectroscopic characterizations, combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements, indicate the formation of ternary interfacial superstructure with intimate interfacial coupling through abundant NiOC bonds. Impressively, the optimized catalyst loaded onto the usual glass carbon electrode exhibits exceptional catalytic activities with overpotentials of 64 and 76?mV to reach 10?mA?cm^?2 in 1?M KOH and 1?M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), respectively, representing one of the best non-noble-metal HER electrocatalysts to date. Insights into the metal/oxide interfacial effects through density functional theory calculations reveal that the interface sites could efficiently lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS), contributing to the fast reaction kinetics. This work not only provides comprehensive insights into interfacial feature of highly active HER catalysts but also broadens the fundamental understanding of interfacial effects toward HER catalysis.     

Active Sites Engineering toward Superior Carbon‐Based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts via Confinement Pyrolysis

Developing efficient and low‐cost defective carbon‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential to metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Active sites engineering toward these catalysts is highly desirable but challenging to realize boosted catalytic performance. Herein, a sandwich‐like confinement route to achieve the controllable regulation of active sites for carbon‐based catalysts is reported. In particular, three distinct catalysts including metal‐free N‐doped carbon (NC), single Co atoms dispersed NC (Co–N–C), and Co nanoparticles‐contained Co–N–C (Co/Co–N–C) are controllably realized and clearly identified by synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements suggest that the Co/Co–N–C catalyst delivers optimized ORR performance due to the rich Co–N_x active sites and their synergistic effect with metallic Co nanoparticles. This work provides deep insight for rationally designing efficient ORR catalyst based on active sites engineering.     

高温处理对ZnO薄膜及其忆阻性能的影响

本文研究了高温处理对ZnO薄膜及其忆阻效应的影响,发现利用经800℃高温处理后的ZnO薄膜制备的Cu/ZnO/Pt器件依然保持忆阻性能,并观察到无电形成过程的忆阻效应。研究表明,无电形成过程的原因在于高温处理后的ZnO薄膜出现了纳米级通道,使得在沉积顶电极Cu的过程中,形成天然的导电通道,使器件呈现低阻态。     

微量Sc对Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了Al-Zn-Mg合金和含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金钨极氩弧焊接头的微观组织,并对其力学性能和耐应力腐蚀性能进行了对比。结果表明：在传统Al-Zn-Mg合金板材熔合线附近的热影响区出现再结晶和晶粒异常长大,而含钪Al-Zn-Mg合金基体中热稳定性优良的纳米Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相在焊接过程中能阻碍晶界迁移,抑制再结晶晶粒的形核和长大,进而细化熔合线附近的组织。同时,含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头的强度明显比传统合金的高,其强化效果主要来源于熔合线附近区域的细晶强化和二次Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相的弥散强化。     

基于FPGA的相控超声发射系统设计与实现

设计了一种以FPGA为核心的相控超声发射系统,对该系统工作原理及相控聚焦方法进行了研究;设计了一种二维相控阵列,并进行了阵列定点聚焦延时仿真;最后运用该系统实现了对相控阵列的高精度聚焦延时控制,并经过DA转换、电压及功率放大,产生了幅值及波形可控的激励信号,测试了该系统对实际目标的定位精度;实验结果显示对实际目标定位偏差在3%左右,该超声相控发射系统可实现相控聚焦发射,延时控制精度高,可靠性好。     

飞机故障预测与健康管理应用模式研究

针对现有飞机维修机制的不足进行了分析,描述了故障预测与健康管理、视情维修和自主后勤的三者之间的关系。提出了三种典型的故障预测与健康管理(PHM)应用模式,在分析比较现有三种模式优劣的基础上,进一步指出PHM的发展趋势。设计了一种飞机故障预测与健康管理(PHM)系统框架,并运用物联网技术完成了对自主保障系统的构建,能够有效提升飞机的自主保障能力。最后论证了故障预测与健康管理和持续采办与全寿命支持(CALS)之间的关系,为装备采购和全寿命支持提供了技术支持和理论依据。     

多点触摸人机交互技术综述

从硬件、软件、应用领域及发展趋势4个方面对基于光学的多点触摸技术进行了综述.硬件部分主要介绍了硬件系统结构,搭建光学多点触摸系统的5种技术以及搭建大尺寸多点触摸屏时所要使用的投影技术.软件部分首先介绍了如何从硬件平台获取触点信息,然后介绍了手势识别的相关内容,给出了多点触摸软件框架并对触点信息如何通过TUIO协议传递给上层应用程序作了说明.最后对多点触摸技术的应用领域和发展趋势进行了阐述.