嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks在数字化变电站间隔层设备中的应用

为满足智能电网对数字化变电站间隔层设备高性能的要求,提出了将嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks应用于数字化保护测控一体化装置的设计方案.介绍了VxWorks运行硬件系统及其强实时性和高可靠性的实现方法,将装置功能划分为不同优先级的中断和任务,采用信号量和消息队列对任务进行合理调度.阐述了基于IEC61850标准的嵌入式以太网在装置上的实现方法,采用制造报文规范(MMS) +TCP/IP+以太网实现与站控层的网络通信.该设计方案已在工程实际中成功应用,并取得良好效果.     

超声波辅助提取花生红衣多酚及其抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素和响应面试验研究超声波辅助提取花生红衣多酚的工艺条件,采用DPPH·法测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:花生红衣多酚超声波辅助最佳提取条件:乙醇溶液体积分数70%、超声功率240 W、超声时间9 min、超声温度50℃;提取因素影响大小顺序为超声温度超声功率超声时间;花生红衣中提取多酚物质平均得率为5.89%,与模型预测值基本相符。与传统提取方法相比,超声辅助提取是一种提取花生红衣多酚的有效方法。花生红衣多酚具有较强的体外清除DPPH·自由基的能力。     

智能变电站的关键技术及应用实例

分析了智能电网的发展目标,介绍了智能变电站的功能和系统结构,整个智能变电站可分为过程层、间隔层、站控层以及网省的生产管理系统等部分.提出了建设智能变电站的几个关键技术:一次设备智能化、信息网络化以及在线监测.借鉴IEC 61850中功能自由分配的概念,对变电站的各种功能进行了分析和合并,将智能变电站的过程层和间隔层合并为设备层,提出了一种面向未来,适应智能电网要求的智能变电站体系结构.     

Concentration and bioaccumulation of dechlorane compounds in coastal environment of northern China

Dechloranes, including Dechlorane Plus (DP), Mirex (Dechlorane), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), and Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604), were determined using GC-MSD for water, sediment and oyster samples collected at 15 sampling sites near the Bohai and Huanghai Sea shore area of northern China in 2008. DP and Mirex were detected in most water, sediment, and oyster samples, which indicated widespread distribution of these two compounds. The mean concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, respectively, were 1.8 ng/L, 2.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 4.1 ng/g wet weight (ww) for total DP, and 0.29 ng/L, 0.90 ng/g dw, and 2.0 ng/g ww for Mirex. Dec 602 and Dec 603 were not detected in water but in small portions of the sediment and oyster samples, showing a low level of contamination by these two chemicals in the region. Strong and significant correlations were found between total DP and Mirex concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, probably suggesting similar local sources of these two chemicals. Dec 604 was not found in any samples. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of DP, Mirex, and Dec 602 declined along with the increase of their logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow), possibly indicating that compounds with lower log Kow (like Mirex and Dec 602) accumulated more readily in biota. The mean fractional abundance of syn-DP (fsyn) was 0.34 in water samples, a value lower than that in Chinese commercial mixture (0.41), while the mean fsyn for surface sediment (0.44) and oyster (0.45) samples were higher than technical values. Enrichment of syn-DP in oyster was in agreement with previously reported findings in Great Lakes fish. Enrichment of syn-DP in marine surface sediments, however, is contrary to data reported for fresh water sediments. To our knowledge this is the first report of Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in a marine environment and also the first report of Dechloranes in marine biota.     

密集杂波环境下逻辑起始算法研究

针对高密集杂波环境下难以有效的进行航迹起始,提出了一种新的起始算法.利用首次扫描的位置信息形成可能航迹,后续周期利用航迹的状态估计信息形成一种椭圆关联门,同时加以角度限制抑制与航迹形成V字的点迹,并对航迹实行分类关联,最终快速起始一条正确的航迹.通过对算法及其性能指标的仿真分析可知,新算法具有更低的虚假航迹起始概率,有更好的起始性能.     

自由弛豫信号截取时长对NMOR铷原子磁力仪性能的影响

基于非线性磁光旋转(nonlinear magneto-optical rotation, NMOR)效应的铷原子磁力仪通过特定时长的自由弛豫正弦振荡信号可获得拉莫尔进动频率和外磁场值,因此自由弛豫信号的截取时长能够影响原子磁力仪的性能指标。重点研究了在500 nT背景磁场条件下自由弛豫信号截取时长对原子磁力仪灵敏度和磁场测量值的影响。测量结果表明,用噪声功率谱方法标定的灵敏度指标随着自由信号截取时长的增加逐渐减小并趋于稳定,约0.2 pT/Hz^1/2;交变磁场实验表明该磁力仪所得的磁场值是特定截取时长内磁场波动的平均。因此本文NMOR原子磁力仪所得的高灵敏度指标一定程度上是通过数学方法平均了自由弛豫信号截取时长内的磁场值波动。该方法对其他原子磁力仪或实验装置灵敏度的标定和磁场测量值的分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch and Their Antioxidant Activities

The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch (CPS). Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α‐ and β‐glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β‐glycosidic linkages. According to the SEC‐MALLS‐RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product.     

蓝莓花色苷体外及模拟人体胃肠环境的抗氧化活性研究

以野生蓝莓为原料提取花色苷,对其进行纯化、121℃高温加热6 min和模拟人体胃肠环境处理,测定处理后的样液的抗氧化活性,对结果进行综合分析比较,得出不同条件对花色苷抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:同一处理环境下,水溶液中的花色苷的抗氧化活性随纯度的增大而明显增强,二次纯化物的活性是粗提物的4倍左右,但在模拟胃肠环境中活性受纯度的变化影响较小;在同一纯度下,花色苷经过模拟胃肠和高温加热处理后抗氧化活性大大的降低,水溶液中的花色苷活性是模拟胃肠环境中的2倍以上;花色苷经121℃高温加热后活性大大降低,同一条件下活性损失了一半左右,但这种损失在模拟人体胃肠环境中较小,粗提物水溶液中的花色苷的活性是121℃加热后的花色苷的2.7倍。     

贵州喀斯特山区烟叶高光谱参数与叶绿素含量的关系

为实时无损快速地检测烟叶叶绿素含量(质量分数),利用Field Spec 3便携式地物光谱仪采集了贵州喀斯特山区主栽品种南江3号不同长势无病虫害烤烟叶片光谱,测定了相应烟叶的叶绿素含量;同时利用光谱分析技术提取光谱特征变量,并分析了烤烟叶片叶绿素含量与原始光谱、光谱一阶微分以及高光谱特征变量间的相关性;采用多元逐步回归及光谱特征单变量建立了叶绿素含量估测模型并进行了模型精度检验。结果表明:叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)与原始光谱反射率的相关系数分别在700和701 nm波长处最大;与光谱一阶微分的相关系数分别在623和653 nm波长处最大;Chl a与高光谱特征变量λg,Chl b与高光谱特征变量SDr/SDb的相关系数最大。基于光谱反射率一阶微分的逐步回归模型对烟草叶片Chl a和Chl b含量的估测精度较高,估测效果好。     

钛基多元大孔材料光催化降解有机废水

TiO2由于光催化活性高、价格低廉、无毒等特点受到人们广泛关注。人们将形状不规则粉体TiO2制备成纳米大孔空心球等形状,以提高催化剂的悬浮性能和回收性能。同时,为了进一步提高TiO2对有机废水的光催化降解性能,对TiO2进行了掺杂改性的研究。文章主要介绍了掺杂改性大孔TiO2在光催化降解有机废水中的研究。