一种基于区域分割的多级环境建模方法

针对现有移动机器人路径规划中各种环境建模方法存在使用范围有限、复杂问题处理能力不足和运行效率低、缺乏灵活性等问题，结合二维半描述和知识利用原理，提出了一种可以比较圆满地解决诸如建筑物内不同楼层连接、室内室外环境交替出现等实用结构性空间问题的基于区域分割的多级环境建模方法。     

Selective monitoring of peptidase activities with synthetic polypeptide substrates and polyion-sensitive membrane electrode detection

A novel method to monitor specific peptidase activities in biological samples as complex as undiluted plasma/blood is described. The approach is based on the design of synthetic polypeptide substrates in which di- or triarginine sequences are linked to each other via one or more other amino acids recognized specifically by the peptidase to be determined. Detection of chymotrypsin and renin activities using synthetic substrates P4 (F-R-R-R-F-V-R-R-F-NH2) and P5 (R-R-R-L-L-R-R-L-L-R-R-R), respectively, serves to demonstrate the principles of this new assay system. A polyion-sensitive membrane electrode, prepared by doping polymer films with dinonylnaphthalene-sulfonate (DNNS), is shown to exhibit significant nonequilibrium electromotive force (EMF) responses toward these and other polycationic substrates at microgram/milliliter levels under physiological conditions. The same electrode, however, exhibits much smaller total EMF response toward the shorter fragments of the synthetic peptides generated by peptidase activity; hence, the addition of peptidase to a solution containing the synthetic substrate yields a change in electrode EMF response, the rate of which is proportional to the activity of peptidase present. Other synthetic polycationic peptides as well as natural polycationic peptides (e.g., protamine) that lack specific cleavage sites for chymotrypsin and renin, yet are detected by the DNNS-based membrane electrode, do not elicit any significant change in EMF response in the presence of the peptidases, confirming the feasibility and utility of the proposed bioanalytical method.     

Stress analysis of a cantilevered fixed partial denture with normal and reduced bone support

A two-dimensional finite element model was constructed to analyze the simulated mechanical behavior of a cantilevered fixed partial denture. The variations of the models were made by altering the degree of bone support, the number of splinted abutments, and the length of the pontics. High stress concentrations were observed around the connectors of the fixed prosthesis and the tooth closest to the cantilever. Reduced bone support increased the deflection and stress concentrations. There was reduction in displacement and stress concentration when the teeth were splinted together. To improve the prognosis of the fixed partial denture cantilever, the number of abutments should be increased and the number of pontics decreased.     

The influence of the alloying elements upon the transformation kinetics and morphologies of ferrite plates in alloy steels

A series of Fe-C-X and Fe-C-X₁-X₂ alloys in which X, X₁ and X₂ either raise or depress the activity of C iny were investigated by autodilatometer, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the relations among the chemical composition, transformation kinetics, and morphology of ferrite plates. The incubation time of austenite decomposition at the nose temperature in the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams, the concentration of C in y in contact with theα/gg boundary, and the growth rate of ferrite were evaluated to estimate the magnitude of the solute drag-like effect (SDLE) for the different alloying elements used. All the results are consistent qualitatively with the SDLE hypothesis. This article is based on a presentation made at the Pacific Rim Conference on the “Roles of Shear and Diffusion in the Formation of Plate-Shaped Transformation Products,” held December 18-22, 1992, in Kona, Hawaii, under the auspices of ASM INTERNATIONAL’S Phase Transformations Committee.     

玻璃包装改进及经济效益分析

论述了平板玻璃包装技术改进对提高包装质量和企业经济效益的影响,介绍了平板玻璃包装箱(架)的性能,简述了计算机辅助设计及计算机辅助管理在玻璃包装结构设计及包装质量管理中的效用。     

A reduced basis approach to quantifying damage dependent dynamic response of laminated composite structures

A finite element (FE) based formulation is utilized to represent the damage-dependent response of laminated composite structures. An internal-state-variable (ISV) approach provides a definition of the stiffness reduction caused by intralaminar crack propagation at the ply level. These ISVs are combined with simple stress criteria to accommodate ply property changes caused by fiber fracture, fiber microbuckling and interior delaminations. A set of orthogonal Ritz vectors are chosen as basis vectors to transform the dynamical equations of motion to a reduced coordinate space. The reduced basis form of the equations provides significant numerical efficiencies, especially for large ordered systems. Furthermore, damping and its variation with damage can be generally represented in any number of vibratory modes. The Newmark integration operator is used to solve the dynamic equations of motion, and equilibrium iterations are performed in each incremental time step to assure convergence. Results are given for laminated beam and plate geometries subjected to dynamic loads.     

Conference key distribution schemes for secure digital mobilecommunications

We propose a new service for digital mobile communication systems. The service enables two or more users to hold a secure conference. Two requirements must be considered: privacy and authentication. Privacy involves ensuring that an eavesdropper cannot intercept the conversations of the parties holding the conference. Authentication involves ensuring that service is not obtained fraudulently in order to avoid usage charges. We present two new conference key distribution schemes for digital mobile communication systems. In these schemes, a group of users can generate a common secret keg over a public channel so that they may hold a secure conference     

Proteinases in renal cell death

The role of proteinases in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cellular death was examined using specific inhibitors of proteinases. Rabbit RPT suspensions were incubated with antimycin A for 1 h or tetrafluoroethyl-L-cysteine (TFEC) for 4 h in the absence or presence of the specific cysteine proteinase inhibitor L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido (4-guanidino)butane (E-64), the serine proteinase inhibitors N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCS), the serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors leupeptin or antipain, or the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin. E-64 and pepstatin decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a marker of cell death, from RPT exposed either to antimycin A or TFEC. TLCK, DCS, leupeptin, or antipain did not decrease antimycin A- or TFEC-induced cell death. Bromohydroquinone- or t-butylhydroperoxide-induced cell death was not decreased by any of the proteinase inhibitors. Loss of lysosomal membrane potential, indicated by neutral red release, occurred prior to the onset of antimycin A-induced cell death. Extensive inhibition of lysosomal cathepsins B and L by E-64 was correlated with cytoprotection. However, E-64 was only protective after some cell death had occurred. These results suggest that lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteinases, but not serine proteinases, play a role in RPT cell death induced by antimycin A or TFEC. The observation that E-64 was only protective after some cell death had occurred suggests that lysosomal cathepsins are released from dying cells and subsequently attack the remaining viable cells.     

生物降解塑料开发现状与发展趋势

本文简要介绍国内外生物降解塑料的现状与发展趋势。