Technische Projekt- und Arbeitsorganisation in Anlagenbauunternehmen

Engineering project and labour organization in plant construction companies . Problems and trouble-shooting in the organization of engineering projects are discussed with special emphasis being laid on the prerequisites for the use of matrix-oriented company structures. The current form of project organization, the tasks of project management, the make up of the project team, the project directives and general prerequisites of works organization which are embodied in factory rules and regulations are dealt with.     

Solubilization of fish muscle proteins with buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate

Summary The extraction of fish muscle protein using SDS containing solubilization buffers was studied varying the time and the temperature of solubilization, as well as pH and SDS concentration of the buffer. At pH < 6 the myofbrillar proteins were incompletely solubilized; temperatures of 80-100 °C resulted in protein degradation observable in the SDS-PAGE.Samples of fish muscle containing high amounts of formaldehyde (50 mmoles FA/kg wet weight) could only be solubilised at 100 °C; on the other hand it was possible to solubilize cooked and/or canned products under mild conditions (2% SDS, 1% 2-ME, pH 8.9, shaking for 2 h at 60 °C).

---

Solubilisierung von Fischmuskelproteinen durch Natriumdodecylsulfathaltige Puffer

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Solubilisierungszeit und -temperatur, des pH-Wertes und der SDS-Konzentration des Solubilisierungspuffers auf die Extraktion von Fischmuskelproteinen wurde überprüft. Bei pH-Werten < 6 wurden die myofbrillären Proteine nur unvollständig gelöst; Solubilisierungstemperaturen von 80 bis 100 °C führten zu einem in der SDS-PAGE sichtbaren Proteinabbau. Fischmuskelproben mit hohem Formaldehydgehalt (50 mmole FA/kg Feuchtgewicht) ließen sich nur bei 100 °C vollständig solubilisieren; demgegenüber gelang die weitgehende Solubilisierung gegarter und/oder sterilisierter Produkte unter milden Bedingungen (2% SDS, 1% 2-ME, pH 8,9; 2stündiges Schütteln bei 60 °C).

---

Abbreviations FA formaldehyde - IEF isoelectric focusing - 2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol - PA polyacrylamide - PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - pI isoelectric point - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - TMAO trimethylamine oxide - Tris Tris (hydroxymethyl)methylamine     

Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy with tunable ferromagnetic properties

A nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy(nc-HEA)with nano-multiphase structure was pre-pared by inert gas condensation(IGC)using a laser evaporation source.Encouragingly,the laser-IGC nc-HEA exhibits unexpected ferromagnetic behavior and the Curie temperature(Tc)increased nearly 10 times compared to any CoCrFeNiMn HEAs prepared by various other methods.In addition,the saturation magnetization(Ms)and Tc of the laser-IGC nc-HEA can be controlled via heat treatment,which is result-ing from the formation and structural evolution of magnetic nanophases during annealing.This work widens the design toolbox for high-performance nc-HEAs based upon laser-IGC technique.     

Orientation Gradients at Boundaries in Micron‐Sized Bicrystals

In micron‐sized Ni bicrystals, after compression tests, orientation gradients are measured by electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD). The results clearly show that EBSD can be used to study dislocation pile‐ups at boundaries. Using bicrystals with single and multiple slip orientations our results show that with decreasing the size of the pillars the orientation changes due to cross‐slip decreases and the orientation changes at the boundary increases. This directly indicates a change in the hardening mechanism when the probability of dislocation–dislocation interaction decreases due to source‐limited plasticity in the bicrystals with diameters below approximately two microns.     

Electrospinning and Imaging

Polymer processing via electrospinning is a cost effective and scalable method for preparing nanofibers with industrial, electrical, and biomedical applications, particularly tissue engineering and drug delivery. Characterization methods for these fibers include microscopy techniques for vitro surface morphology information, spectroscopy methods to determine in vitro chemical composition, and medical imaging tools for in vivo assessment of morphology and efficacy of implanted material. The focus of this paper is be on recent applications for electrospun nanofibers, in vitro characterization methods, and medical imaging modalities that can be used for in vivo assessment of the fibers, as well as insights in how to adapt existing techniques toward the characterization of electrospun materials.     

Quantification of 1,8‐cineole and of its metabolites in humans using stable isotope dilution assays

The metabolism of 1,8‐cineole after ingestion of sage tea was studied. After application of the tea, the metabolites 2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and, for the first time in humans, 7‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole were identified in plasma and urine of one volunteer. For quantitation of these metabolites and the parent compound, stable isotope dilution assays were developed after synthesis of [²H₃]‐1,8‐cineole, [9/10‐²H₃]‐2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and [¹³C,²H₂]‐9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole as internal standards. Using these standards, we quantified 1,8‐cineole by solid phase microextraction GC‐MS and the hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineoles by LC‐MS/MS after deconjugation in blood and urine of the volunteer. After consumption of 1.02 mg 1,8‐cineole (19 μg/kg bw), the hydroxycineoles along with their parent compound were detectable in the blood plasma of the volunteer under study after liberation from their glucuronides with 2‐hydroxycineole being the predominant metabolite at a maximum plasma concentration of 86 nmol/L followed by the 9‐hydroxy isomer at a maximum plasma concentration of 33 nmol/L. The parent compound 1,8‐cineole showed a low maximum plasma concentration of 19 nmol/L. In urine, 2‐hydroxycineole also showed highest contents followed by its 9‐isomer. Summing up the urinary excretion over 10 h, 2‐hydroxycineole, the 9‐isomer, the 3‐isomer and the 7‐isomer accounted for 20.9, 17.2, 10.6 and 3.8% of the cineole dose, respectively.