辛硫磷微乳剂浊点的影响因素分析

配制了10％辛硫磷微乳剂,研究了体系中复配表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及电解质对微乳剂浊点的影响.结果表明:可用浊点法筛选出HLB值较高的表面活性剂,再结合微乳剂性能指标确定出适合体系的复配表面活性剂.微乳剂的浊点随复配表面活性剂中非离子表面活性剂含量的增多而升高,但制剂冷贮稳定性能下降.助表面活性剂的种类和含量对微乳剂浊...     

不同配比碱金属化合物对焦炭反应性的影响

通过将一定粒度焦炭浸入不同配比碱金属化合物（K2CO3＋Na2CO3）溶液的方法在实验室制得焦样,用热重天平对焦样进行了焦炭反应性实验及SEM扫描电镜和能谱分析。研究结果表明,不同配比碱金属K、Na复合催化剂催化效果不同,K2CO3对焦炭溶损反应的催化作用贡献较大,焦炭溶损反应主要催化作用时间为前10min,浸碱焦炭试样中K、Na含量随碱溶液中K、Na含量增加而增加。     

Regioselective Alkoxylation of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol

An efficient procedure for the regioselective synthesis of secondary alcohol alkoxylates from 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol (TMPD) is described. TMPD was reacted with propylene oxide followed by ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of alkali metal hydroxide to form secondary alcohol alkoxylates. Instead of a mixture of compounds resulting from the reaction of TMPD and propylene oxide, the primary hydroxyl group of the TMPD reacted to form predominantly 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentylpropoxylate as the major product. On further ethoxylation the less hindered secondary hydroxyl group of the 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentylpropoxylate reacted predominantly. ¹³C NMR indicated that the secondary hydroxyl group (96.2 mol%) of TMPD remained unreacted during alkoxylation.     

黄原胶/膨润土复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法制备了黄原胶(XG)/膨润土有机-无机复合SAP(高吸水性树脂)。通过单因素试验法和正交试验法优选出制备复合SAP的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、XG与膨润土之间发生了接枝共聚反应;当m(AA)∶m(AM)=5∶1、AA中和度为75%、w(膨润土)=5%、w(引发剂)=1.0%和w(交联剂)=0.08%时,相应的复合SAP具有最大的吸水倍率(863.8 g/g)和吸盐水倍率(109.4 g/g)。     

烷基化法生产均三甲苯的工业改造

针对工业烷基化法生产均三甲苯进行研究,重点是通过工艺生产改造,改变水洗釜偏流和废水、废气排放处理问题,实现了均三甲苯装置高效环保生产。     

臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红印染废水进行降解试验,考察了甲基红废水的pH、活性炭投加量、温度和臭氧流量等参数对印染废水色度和CODCr去除率的影响,确定了臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH为3.5,温度为25℃,活性炭投加量为120 mg/L,臭氧流量为0.83 L/min,初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下降解10 min,臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红废水的脱色率达到97.4%,CODCr去除率达到85.2%。该组合工艺能有效地去除印染废水的色度和CODCr,使出水水质达到处理标准。     

自生热压裂技术研究与应用

自生热压裂技术是针对储层渗透率低、压力系数低、返排率低、压裂措施后压裂液滞留地层中对储层造成伤害等地质特征,利用化学反应产生大量的气体和热量来减缓或解除液体的滞留,从而达到提高返排、减少储层伤害和提高工艺效果的目的。目前,国内在低压、低渗油气藏的改造中应用的自生热措施主要有CO2增能技术、N2增能技术、自生气热剂增能技术等工艺。     

Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of thermally cross-linkable hole-transporting poly(fluorene-co-triphenylamine)

This paper describes the synthesis of a new thermally cross-linkable hole-transporting poly(fluorene-co-triphenylamine) (PFTV) by Suzuki coupling reaction and its application in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). The characteristics of PFTV were analyzed by ¹H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and atomic force microscopy. Its HOMO level lies between those of PEDOT:PSS and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene), forming a stepwise energy ladder to facilitate hole-injection. Multilayer device with thermally cross-linked PFTV as hole-transporting layer (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/HTL/PFO/LiF/Ca/Al) was readily fabricated by successive spin-coating processes, its maximum luminance efficiency (2.27 cd/A) was significantly higher than that without PFTV layer (0.50 cd/A). In addition, the PFTV was successfully applied as host for red-emitting Ir(piq)₂acac to obtain a device with moderate performance (5300 cd/m² and 2.64 cd/A). The PFTV is a promising hole-transporting material for the fabrication of multilayer PLEDs by wet processes as well as a potential host for phosphorescent PLEDs.     

Film instability induced evolution of hierarchical structures in annealed ultrathin films of an asymmetric block copolymer on polar substrates

With an atomic-force microscope and a grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering we studied ex situ the evolution of hierarchical structures in isothermally annealed ultrathin films of asymmetric polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) P(S-b-MMA) that dewetted on polar substrates via a mechanism involving nucleation and growth. Film instability causes the surface to acquire an undulating thickness through incommensurability, producing not only the relief structures on a micrometer scale but also mesophase-separated domains on a nanometer scale. The dewetted morphologies strongly influence the ordering behavior of the nanoscale domains. The noncylindrical nanostructures become stable at the curved edges of the relief microstructures in the destabilized P(S-b-MMA) films, for which a preferential wetting of the PS block with the free surface is prohibited. Additionally, the shape of relief structures as result of film instability correlates with the formation of mesophase-separated nanodomains. At early stages of film instability, the formation of parallel-oriented PMMA cylindrical nanodomains increases the deformation energy and it further persists to force the shape of relief structures between irregular holes to have a facet-wedge shape. However, those relief structures are expected to be not at equilibrium. At high temperatures, the relief structures between irregular holes progressively developed to form hemispherical-cap drops accompanied by a transformation of cylindrical into noncylindrical nanodomains at curved surfaces.     

Cycle-by-cycle combustion variation in a DISI engine fueled with methanol

The effects of injection and ignition timings, engine speed and load, compression ratio and injector configuration on cycle-by-cycle combustion variation in a direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) engine fueled with methanol have been studied experimentally. The coefficient of variation (COV) of the maximum in-cylinder pressure was used to evaluate the cycle-by-cycle combustion variation. The results showed that these factors significantly affect the cycle-by-cycle combustion variation. The COV reaches the least at an optimal injection and ignition timings. The COV at a compression ratio of 14:1 is less than that at a compression ratio of 16:1 at light load, and vice versa at high load. The COV using injector type A is significantly less than that when using types B and C.