向下鼓气泡进入水或磁性液体的数值模拟与实验验证

应用数值与实验的方法分析了气泡向下鼓入水和磁性液体的过程,通过数学模型应用PLIC-VOF方法仿真重现了气泡的形成与破裂机理,通过数值模拟获得了气泡的形状与生长周期,用CCD摄像头完成实验测量,实验与模拟达到了数值上的吻合。     

应用于Zigbee通信协议的采用了中和技术的数字控制功率放大器

本文介绍了一种CMOS全片集成的功率放大器,满足802.15.4规范,并采用采用了中和电容技术。采用了一种新型的采用了数字接口的结构,可以使基带信号直接控制PA的输出功率,从而无需DAC。采用中和电容技术以提高反向隔离度。该芯片采用SMIC 0.18um工艺流片。 测试结果表明,在1dB压缩点处,本文所提出的功率放大器具有13.5dB的功率增益,最大3.48dBm的输出功率和35.1%的PAE。核心面积为0.73mm*0.55mm。     

MOS晶体管的阈值电压不匹配特性

集成电路中器件的匹配性对于模拟电路和数字电路的设计有着很重要的影响,而现在重要的是还缺乏精确的器件匹配的模型。在模拟集成电路设计中,MOS管阈值电压的匹配特性对集成电路尤其是电流Ids的大小有着重要的影响。基于短沟道系列模型,MOS氧化层中的固定电荷和杂质原予服从泊松分布,分析了NMOS和PMOS器件不匹配的物理原因,并验证σVT/VT遵循与1/(?)成比例的结论。     

Rheological properties and related screen-printing performance of low-temperature silver pastes for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells

Four different low-temperature silver pastes were utilized to make metal grids by screen printing for silicon heterojunction solar cells. The rheological behaviors of the low-temperature silver pastes were characterized by viscosity test, thixotropy test, oscillatory stress sweep test and creep-recovery test. The correlationship between the screen-printing performance and the rheological properties was investigated. It was found that the shear thinning behavior and the thixotropy behavior of the silver pastes were desirable for the screen-printing process. An obvious viscoelastic behavior of the silver paste was also helpful for improving its printability. Further, good recovery and low creep and recovery compliances could minimize the printing defects and the tendencies to bleed out during the screen-printing, and thus increase the aspect ratio of the printed grids.     

Real-Time Path Planning Based on the Situation Space of UCAVs in a Dynamic Environment

This paper aims to find a reliable, collision-free path in a dynamic environment for highly maneuverable unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs). Given the real-time nature of the operational scenario, quick and adaptable reactions of UCAVs are necessary for updates in situational awareness. Therefore, we propose a three dimensional (3D) path planning approach based on the situational space to provide the tactical requirements of UCAVs for tracking targets and avoiding collisions. First, to ensure reliable nonlinear measurements, the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm based on a cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is chosen for the tracking and prediction algorithm. A constraint reference frame combining the kinematic model of constant acceleration (CA) is developed to solve the problem of arrival point generation. Second, by analyzing the relative motion between the UCAV and the moving objects, we define the situation space and give the corresponding calculation method. In tracking the moving target, the guidance vector contains the fusion information of displacement and velocity. At the same time, taking advantage of the one-step situation space as the judgment of the threat, we further plan the collision avoidance strategy. Third, as the safety in a practically reachable trajectory of the UCAV possesses the absolute priority, the collision avoidance acceleration accounts for this dominant factor in path planning. Simulations and experimental results prove that the proposed approach can plan a smooth and flyable path in 0.008 s under the premise of soft-landing target tracking.     

Effect of weld characteristics on the formability of welded tubes in NC bending process

The weld profiles, weld width, weld positions, and mechanical property changes in the weld and heat-affected zones (HAZ) are the most important parameters that influence the potential formability of the welded tube. To investigate the effect of weld characteristics on the forming behaviors of the welded tube, finite element models which consider the geometric profile and mechanical properties of the weld and HAZ are employed. The results show that (1) the mechanical constitutive relation of the weld region determined by the microhardness empirical formula obviously decreases the tangent strain, thickness strain, and cross-sectional deformation ΔD in the weld and HAZ as compared with that determined by the improved rule of mixtures, which is contrary to the hoop strain, and the predicted results determined by the improved rule of mixtures are much closer to the experimental ones; (2) different weld and HAZ widths determined by the microhardness profile and metallographic section have a little effect on the tangent strain, thickness strain, and ΔD distribution; (3) the implementation of weld profile and material properties decreases the wall variation of the weld region as the weld line locates on the outside and inside. On the contrary, both the weld profile and weld material properties increase the maximum ΔD. The sectorial weld profile has a stronger effect on the wall variation and maximum ΔD than the hourglass profile; and (4) the same weld and HAZ volume have a stronger effect on wall thinning and ΔD.     

R&D of the ground-coupled heat pump technology in China

The ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems have been identified as one of the best sustainable energy technologies for space heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. In this paper, research on and development of the GCHP technology in China are summarized. New models are presented for efficient thermal analysis of ground heat exchangers, of which one- and two-dimensional solid cylindrical source models and their analytical solutions are devised to deal with pile ground heat exchangers. Analytical solutions are also derived for vertical and inclined finite line source models as well as for a groundwater advection model. Explicit solutions of a quasi-three-dimensional model can be used to better evaluate the thermal resistance inside boreholes. Studies on hybrid GCHP systems and the thermal response test in China are also commented.     

A simple micro-mixer prototyped in polycarbonate

In this paper, we report on first stage results on our work on the design and prototyping of a simple polycarbonate micro-mixer. CFD simulations indicate that the elliptical shape of the mixer appears to eliminate dead volumes and to result in more uniform flow and hence more uniform mixing. The mixer has also been characterised spectrophotometrically in a simple way. A simple design may be advantageous in that it may be more reliable in the micro-scale. It is certainly easier to manufacture.The authors would like to thank Drs Jason Pickering and Hu Banghong for their valuable and constructive criticisms during the preparation of this short communication.