Quantitative Visualization of the Interaction between Complement Component C1 and Immunoglobulin G: The Effect of CH1 Domain Deletion

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) adopts a modular multidomain structure that mediates antigen recognition and effector functions, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. IgG molecules are self-assembled into a hexameric ring on antigen-containing membranes, recruiting the complement component C1q. In order to provide deeper insights into the initial step of the complement pathway, we report a high-speed atomic force microscopy study for the quantitative visualization of the interaction between mouse IgG and the C1 complex composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s. The results showed that the C1q in the C1 complex is restricted regarding internal motion, and that it has a stronger binding affinity for on-membrane IgG2b assemblages than C1q alone, presumably because of the lower conformational entropy loss upon binding. Furthermore, we visualized a 1:1 stoichiometric interaction between C1/C1q and an IgG2a variant that lacks the entire C_H1 domain in the absence of an antigen. In addition to the canonical C1q-binding site on Fc, their interactions are mediated through a secondary site on the C_L domain that is cryptic in the presence of the C_H1 domain. Our findings offer clues for novel-modality therapeutic antibodies.     

异丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成及热裂解转移率

以乙酰溴-α-D-葡萄糖(I)作为糖基供体与异丁香酚(Ⅱ)进行反应,合成了异丁香酚-2, 3, 4, 6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)和异丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)。合成化合物Ⅲ的过程中分别探索了相转移催化法和离子液体催化法。所得中间体及目标产物结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、IR和HRMS进行确证。将化合物Ⅳ加入卷烟中,通过气相色谱质谱联用法(GC/MS)测定其在卷烟主流烟气粒相中的转移率。结果表明：上述两种方法均可得到化合物Ⅲ,其中离子液体催化法优于相转移催化法。离子液体催化法的反应条件为：1-丁基-3-甲基-溴化咪唑鎓为催化剂,氯仿为溶剂,氢氧化钠水溶液为缚酸剂,n(I) : n(Ⅱ) = 0.8:1,n(I) : n(1-丁基-3-甲基-溴化咪唑鎓) = 1:1,室温反应8 h,化合物Ⅲ的收率为56.8%。化合物Ⅲ在甲醇钠/甲醇溶液中反应脱去四乙酰基,得到化合物Ⅳ,收率87.6%。卷烟燃吸过程中,化合物Ⅳ热裂解为异丁香酚向主流烟气粒相中的转移率为3.2%。     

提高频谱仪对小信号的测量能力

灵敏度体现了频谱仪对小信号的测量能力.本文通过对频谱仪工作原理的分析,得出了频谱仪主要参数设置与灵敏度的关系,提出了几种提高频谱仪对小信号测量能力的措施.     

Identifying the convergent reaction path from predesigned assembled structures: Dissymmetrical dehalogenation of Br2Py on Ag(111)

Nano Research - On-surface Ullmann coupling has been intensely utilized for the tailor-made fabrication of conjugated frameworks towards molecular electronics, however, reaction mechanisms are...     

A technical method to improve NOx/NH3 mixing ratio in SCR system and its engineering applications

A technical method for diagnosing the distribution of NO_x flux within the cross-section area in front of ammonia injection grid (AIG) was proposed for guiding the valve-tuning of AIG branch-pipes, in order to optimize the NO_x/NH₃ mixing ratio in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of power plant. The weight coefficient of each branch-pipe in AIG system can be quantitatively determined with regard to the distribution of NO_x flux in the corresponding sub-zone of the cross-section area. The control strategy of the valves for different AIG branch-pipes can be achieved for guiding the NH₃ injection and improving the NO_x/NH₃ mixing ratio within the whole cross-section area in front of AIG. The technology has been applied on one side of the SCR system flue-gas tunnels (normally two tunnels for the SCR system called as A-side and B-side) of a 660 MW plant for more than one year. The ammonia consumption rate of the SCR system was reduced about 12.62% and the uniformity of outlet NO_x distribution was estimated to be greatly improved by about 79.01% with regard to the standard deviation. The rising rate of the flue gas resistance of the air preheater was slown down by 39.18% compared to that of the other flue-gas tunnel of SCR system. This implied that the formation of the sticky ammonium bisulfate (ABS) on air preheater was significantly inhibited through the application of this technology.     

ZJ—7.5—12型外热式真空炉及其测控系统

某大型钢铁公司薄钢板加热模拟试验采用一种外热式真空炉，详细叙述了该炉的结构，性能，特点及测控系统，真空室采用耐高温的合金制作，配置合理的密封结构及抽真空系统，使该炉在１２００℃高温时，达到４×１０＾４Ｐａ高真空，使薄钢板加热实现完全无氧化不脱碳的效果；炉子的测控系统采用７０８Ｐ型ＡＩ微机控制仪表，配置ＰＩＤ调节，从工艺参数的设定，采集，比较到量的控制全部自动完成，测控系统具有较强的抗干扰能力，控温     

自适应模糊算法在光伏系统MPPT中的应用

针对光伏电池的非线性特性,介绍了最大功率点跟踪的原理,并详细分析了常规控制算法在光伏系统最大功率跟踪控制中的优缺点,提出将自适应模糊控制算法应用到光伏系统最大功率点跟踪的控制中,自适应模糊控制能快速响应外界环境的变化,在最大功率点无明显振荡现象.实验结果表明,该方法能使系统稳定工作在最大功率点,同时能对外界环境的变化做出快速反应.     

Single-step flash-heat synthesis of red phosphorus/graphene flame-retardant composite as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Nano Research - Red phosphorus (RP) has attracted considerable attention as the anode for high-performance Na-ion batteries, owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity of ∼...     

A hybrid sample generation approach in speculative multithreading

The Journal of Supercomputing - Speculative multithreading (SpMT) is a thread-level automatic parallelization technique to accelerate sequential programs. Machine learning has been successfully...