安全仪表系统的功能安全设计

针对安全仪表系统（SIS）的产品开发,分析了应用于石化领域的安全仪表系统的基本特性、冗余结构和常见产品类型。在介绍IEC 61508标准的基础上,提出了安全仪表系统产品开发过程中整体安全生命周期、产品硬件及安全相关软件的功能安全设计方法;最后以SIL2级压力变送器为例,着重阐述了SIS系统结构设计和故障诊断覆盖要求。     

Robust observer–controller compensator design using the loop shaping design procedure and the algebraic method

This paper investigates robust observer‐controller compensator design using Vidyasagar's structure (VS). VS has a unit matrix parameter H similar to the Q parameter for the Youla–Kucera parameterization. VS can be designed based on the left coprimeness of the central controller in the H_∞‐loop shaping design procedure (H_∞‐LSDP) and therefore can preserve the intrinsic properties of the H_∞‐LSDP. This paper introduces algebraic methods to simplify the design of H in the VS controller by solving specific algebraic equations. In particular, the algebraic design of H can achieve two things. First, a dynamic H adjusts the tracking performance and yields the integral action. Second, a dynamic H rejects the input and output sinusoidal disturbances with known frequencies. These attributes are indications of the flexibility of the proposed method since the output‐feedback controller design of the H_∞‐LSDP cannot easily deal with such conditions. This paper discusses the achieved loop and the closed‐loop behavior of the system with VS, and also gives two numerical examples. The first example shows that the proposed method results in a better design in many aspects than the resulting from H_∞‐LSDP. The second example shows the application of the proposed method to rejecting input and output step disturbances, and input and output multiple sinusoidal disturbances, for which the H_∞‐LSDP can hardly be used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scalable multi-variate analytics of seismic and satellite-based observational data

Over the past few years, large human populations around the world have been affected by an increase in significant seismic activities. For both conducting basic scientific research and for setting critical government policies, it is crucial to be able to explore and understand seismic and geographical information obtained through all scientific instruments. In this work, we present a visual analytics system that enables explorative visualization of seismic data together with satellite-based observational data, and introduce a suite of visual analytical tools. Seismic and satellite data are integrated temporally and spatially. Users can select temporal ;and spatial ranges to zoom in on specific seismic events, as well as to inspect changes both during and after the events. Tools for designing high dimensional transfer functions have been developed to enable efficient and intuitive comprehension of the multi-modal data. Spread-sheet style comparisons are used for data drill-down as well as presentation. Comparisons between distinct seismic events are also provided for characterizing event-wise differences. Our system has been designed for scalability in terms of data size, complexity (i.e. number of modalities), and varying form factors of display environments.     

High-dimensional kNN joins with incremental updates

The k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) join operation associates each data object in one data set with its k nearest neighbors from the same or a different data set. The kNN join on high-dimensional data (high-dimensional kNN join) is a very expensive operation. Existing high-dimensional kNN join algorithms were designed for static data sets and therefore cannot handle updates efficiently. In this article, we propose a novel kNN join method, named kNNJoin ⁺, which supports efficient incremental computation of kNN join results with updates on high-dimensional data. As a by-product, our method also provides answers for the reverse kNN queries with very little overhead. We have performed an extensive experimental study. The results show the effectiveness of kNNJoin⁺ for processing high-dimensional kNN joins in dynamic workloads.     

Dynamical combination of byte level and Sub-Packet level FEC in HARQ mechanism to reduce error recovery overhead on video streaming over wireless networks

Byte level Forward Error Correction (B-FEC) is efficient for recovery from uniform bit errors, but not suitable to handle recovery from burst bit errors. Conversely, Sub-Packet level Forward Error Correction (SP-FEC) can alleviate the problem of large encoding/decoding delay jitter in Packet level Forward Error Correction (P-FEC) to efficiently handle recovery from burst bit errors, but has large error recovery overhead as P-FEC for recovery from uniform bit errors. This paper proposes a dynamic combination of byte level and Sub-Packet level Forward Error Correction (BSP-FEC) in the Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) mechanism to reduce the error recovery overhead. BSP-FEC not only can solve the problems appearing in B-FEC and SP-FEC, but also can get the advantages of B-FEC and SP-FEC in the HARQ mechanism. BSP-FEC replaces the SP-FEC checksum with B-FEC and uses Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) when the network condition deteriorates. BSP-FEC not only utilizes an overhead cost model to dynamically decide the SP-FEC parameter and the B-FEC bit rate according to network conditions, but also utilizes a time constraint model to decide the ARQ retry limit. BSP-FEC dynamically adjusts the FEC redundancy to save bandwidth and improves the Decodable Frame Rate (DFR) and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the delivered video streaming. Accordingly, BSP-FEC can improve multimedia communication performance to both avoid network congestion and shorten end-to-end delay by decreasing effective packet loss rate and packet recovery overhead. Because of the low packet recovery overhead, furthermore, BSP-FEC allows applications to transmit more application data in networks with limited bandwidth. Considering the compatibility, BSP-FEC is implemented in the application layer as the end-to-end protection method to protect packets from errors in wired/wireless networks. Numerical and simulation experimental results show that BSP-FEC obtains better recovery efficiency with the minimum error recovery overhead.     

An econometric analysis of SARS and Avian Flu on international tourist arrivals to Asia

This paper compares the impacts of SARS and human deaths arising from Avian Flu on international tourist arrivals to Asia. The effects of SARS and human deaths from Avian Flu are compared directly according to the number of human deaths. The nature of the short run and long run relationship is examined empirically by estimating a static line fixed effect model and a difference transformation dynamic model, respectively. Empirical results from the static fixed effect and difference transformation dynamic models are consistent, and indicate that both the short run and long run SARS effect have a more significant impact on international tourist arrivals than does Avian Flu. In addition, the effects of deaths arising from both SARS and Avian Flu suggest that SARS is more important to international tourist arrivals than is Avian Flu. Thus, while Avian Flu is here to stay, its effect is currently not as significant as that of SARS.     

Multistage System Planning for Hydrogen Production and Distribution

Hydrogen is an energy carrier that has the potential to improve the sustainability of transportation fuels and reduce oil dependence. This paper presents a stochastic dynamic programming model for sequentially building a hydrogen production and distribution system. The decision variables are the sequence and locations of the central production sites and the corresponding distribution systems from supply to demand sites. A case study based on the geographic setting of Northern California is included, in which the hydrogen is produced via coal gasification and transported from plant to city gates (demand sites) by cryogenic liquid hydrogen trucks. Future demands for hydrogen are modeled as uncertain parameters, with an assumption that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) market penetration rate increases from 1% to 25% over a 20-year period. This model provides multistage decision support for long term transportation energy planning at national and regional levels.     

百家乐1号赌博机电子证据勘查

利用赌博机赌博案件的作案手段隐蔽、发现查处难度大、涉及人员多、社会危害性大,是群众反响强烈的难点问题。本文从分析现场取得百家乐1号赌博机的电子证据入手,通过电子数据检验鉴定,从而全面掌握涉案赌博机的非法所得情况。     

Labview在管路测压系统的频率响应测定中的运用

连接模型表面测点到压力感受装置的各种传压管路会导致真实压力信号产生畸变,为消除这种畸变的影响,采用实验的方法来求得频率响应函数,并据此修正测量信号;实验中采用了自行开发的同步测压系统,并使用基于Labview编写的虚拟函数发生器和数据采集处理程序,提高了实验可靠性并降低了实验成本;实验结果表明修正的信号与实际信号十分吻合,验证了本套测量方法的可靠性.     

一种高效的制造网格认证模型设计

针对制造网格的组织结构和工作流程复杂,传统的基于Globus的GSI认证机制在制造网格中的认证效率低下,从而降低整个网格资源的利用率的问题;提出一种改进的GSI认证模型,将用户证书和代理证书申请和签署集成在网格Portal上,在原有网格Portal服务器上部署CA认证模块,并增加MyProxy服务器,存储用户的个人证书和用户映射表,在其上部署代理证书签署模块;用户通过认证后即可提交任务、访问跨域资源,提高了制造网格的认证效率.