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101.
102.
Novel surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor assays for the bioeffect-related screening of chemicals with thyroid-disrupting activity are described. Two thyroid transport proteins (TPs), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and recombinant transthyretin (rTTR), were applied in an inhibition assay format in a Biacore 3000 using CM5 biosensor chips coated with l-thyroxine (T4), the main hormone of the thyroid system. Assay conditions were optimized for the natural thyroid hormones, and known thyroid disruptors and structurally related compounds were selected as model compounds to be tested in both assays for their relative potency (RP) compared to T4. The chosen compounds were halogenated phenols, halogenated bisphenols, bisphenol A, 3,5-dichlorobiphenyl, and its hydroxylated metabolite 4-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobiphenyl (4-OH PCB 14). The TBG-based assay was highly specific for T4, and the rTTR-based assay was sensitive toward several compounds, the highest sensitivity (RP = 4.4) being obtained with 4-OH PCB 14, followed by tetrabromobisphenol A (RP = 1.5) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (RP = 0.75). For the bioeffect-related screening of known and identification of possible new thyroid disruptors, the TPs-based biosensor assays were more sensitive (IC(50) of 13.7 +/- 1.3 and 8.6 +/- 0.7 nM for the rTTR and the TBG-based assay, respectively), easier to perform, and faster alternatives (10 min/sample) than the currently used methods such as radioligand binding assays and immunoprecipitation-HPLC. 相似文献
103.
Obviously, the use of insulation materials from renewable resources in buildings could provide benefits regarding environmental protection and sustainable management. Nevertheless, their market share in Germany is estimated to be about 7% because of a partial lack of knowledge about their properties, and therefore, of construction certifications. This work was intended to close a knowledge gap concerning emissions during pyrolysis, smoldering, and combustion of commercial insulating materials made from wood, cellulose, meadow grass, hemp, jute, cork, and seaweed as well as polystyrene for comparison reasons. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted and the measurement of thermal decomposition products was done with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was realized that almost all the products could be assigned to the following eight substance classes: carbohydrates, aldehydes/ketones, carbonic acids/esters, substituted phenols, furans, aliphatic hydrocarbons, substituted benzenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Substance spectra were generated that showed certain conformities, especially between the insulating materials made from wood, cellulose, and meadow grass as well as hemp and jute. Comparisons of the sum of peak areas in the GC/MS-chromatograms provided indications of the relative extent of thermal decomposition product emissions. Calculations according to (∑peak areas renewable material)/(∑peak areas polystyrene) revealed factors between 0.18 (wood, cork) and 0.028 (meadow grass). In the thermal emissions, defined hazardous substances or substance groups were frequently measured. These were included in a toxicity evaluation by which, inter alia, advantages of the natural products compared to polystyrene could be demonstrated. 相似文献