IoMT-Enabled Fusion-Based Model to Predict Posture for Smart Healthcare Systems

Smart healthcare applications depend on data from wearable sensors (WSs) mounted on a patient’s body for frequent monitoring information. Healthcare systems depend on multi-level data for detecting illnesses and consequently delivering correct diagnostic measures. The collection of WS data and integration of that data for diagnostic purposes is a difficult task. This paper proposes an Errorless Data Fusion (EDF) approach to increase posture recognition accuracy. The research is based on a case study in a health organization. With the rise in smart healthcare systems, WS data fusion necessitates careful attention to provide sensitive analysis of the recognized illness. As a result, it is dependent on WS inputs and performs group analysis at a similar rate to improve diagnostic efficiency. Sensor breakdowns, the constant time factor, aggregation, and analysis results all cause errors, resulting in rejected or incorrect suggestions. This paper resolves this problem by using EDF, which is related to patient situational discovery through healthcare surveillance systems. Features of WS data are examined extensively using active and iterative learning to identify errors in specific postures. This technology improves position detection accuracy, analysis duration, and error rate, regardless of user movements. Wearable devices play a critical role in the management and treatment of patients. They can ensure that patients are provided with a unique treatment for their medical needs. This paper discusses the EDF technique for optimizing posture identification accuracy through multi-feature analysis. At first, the patients’ walking patterns are tracked at various time intervals. The characteristics are then evaluated in relation to the stored data using a random forest classifier.     

Dynamic Channel Selection for Cognitive Radios with Heterogenous Primary Bands

Technological advances coupled with regulatory initiative for more efficient utilization of radio spectrum resulted in the introduction of dynamic spectrum access enabled radio called Cognitive Radio (CR). A CR network is allowed to access a frequency band owned by primary user, which can provide higher throughput and better serviceability in wireless networks. The availability of multiple primary bands requires a CR network to select the best operating band which can maximize the total system performance. The selection should be made according to heterogenous properties of primary bands which offer different maximum data rate for secondary use and generate diverse traffic pattern. In this paper, assuming such heterogenous primary bands for secondary use, simple and distributed dynamic channel selection strategies are proposed and evaluated. In addition, we introduce a measurement metric for interference experienced by primary users due to secondary network’s access in primary band. We investigate the impact of different channel selection strategies and parameters on the primary and secondary performance.

CFD Modeling of Swirl and Nonswirl Gas Injections into Liquid Baths Using Top Submerged Lances

Fluid flow phenomena in a cylindrical bath stirred by a top submerged lance (TSL) gas injection was investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling technique for an isothermal air–water system. The multiphase flow simulation, based on the Euler–Euler approach, elucidated the effect of swirl and nonswirl flow inside the bath. The effects of the lance submergence level and the air flow rate also were investigated. The simulation results for the velocity fields and the generation of turbulence in the bath were validated against existing experimental data from the previous water model experimental study by Morsi et al.[1] The model was extended to measure the degree of the splash generation for different liquid densities at certain heights above the free surface. The simulation results showed that the two-thirds lance submergence level provided better mixing and high liquid velocities for the generation of turbulence inside the water bath. However, it is also responsible for generating more splashes in the bath compared with the one-third lance submergence level. An approach generally used by heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system simulations was applied to predict the convective mixing phenomena. The simulation results for the air–water system showed that mean convective mixing for swirl flow is more than twice than that of nonswirl in close proximity to the lance. A semiempirical equation was proposed from the results of the present simulation to measure the vertical penetration distance of the air jet injected through the annulus of the lance in the cylindrical vessel of the model, which can be expressed as L_va = 0.275( d_o - d_i )Fr_m^0.4745 . L_{va} = 0.275left( {d_{o} - d_{i} } right)Fr_{m}^{0.4745} . More work still needs to be done to predict the detail process kinetics in a real furnace by considering nonisothermal high-temperature systems with chemical reactions.     

Mixing performance of split-and-recombine micromixer with offset inlets

Microsystem Technologies - This study proposes a novel 3D split-and-recombine passive micromixer with offset-inlets. The micromixer is composed of non-aligned inlets and spatially repeating mixing...     

Radiation dosimetry for extremity radiographs

In this report, 83 total hip arthroplasties in 75 patients with femoral stems of similar geometry but different metals, porous surfaces, and femoral head-neck design were compared at a mean follow-up of 66 months (range, 40-104 months). One type of acetabular component and polyethylene were implanted in all hips. The femoral stem was monoblock in 25 hips, and in 58 it had a modular head-neck piece; 70 stems had chrome-cobalt heads, and 13 heads were titanium. Equally satisfactory clinical results were obtained with either type of femoral implant (i.e., modular and monoblock). The calculated average annual linear polyethylene wear was significantly higher for the titanium stems with a plasma-spray porous surface and chrome-cobalt head on a Morse taper than the chrome-cobalt, beaded, monoblock stems (0.22 mm/year vs 0.07 mm/year, P < .0001). The prevalence of periprosthetic osteolysis was higher for these modular stems ( 15.7% vs 0%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .09). Gross corrosion was present on the taper surfaces of an autopsy-retrieved femoral implant with a modular cobalt-chrome head on a titanium stem. Particles of chromium 3-orthophosphate were present at the taper rim and in the periarticular tissues.     

Natural antioxidant extract from galangal (Alpinia galanga) for minced beef

Raw and cooked minced beef samples containing commercial antioxidants or galangal (Alpinia galanga) extract were evaluated for storage stability at 4 ± 1 °C. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of raw and cooked samples containing galangal extract at 5 and 10% (w/w) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the controls. In raw beef, galangal extract at 10% (w/w) was as effective as α‐tocopherol at 0.10% (w/w) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.02% (w/w) in inhibiting/minimising lipid oxidation. Galangal extract also delayed the induction period of lipid oxidation in cooked beef but was again observed to be effective at a higher concentration than the commercial antioxidants studied. No difference in total plate count was observed in raw beef, but samples with galangal extract had higher Hunter a (redness) and chroma (colourfulness relative to the brightness of the surroundings) values. However, cooked beef treated with galangal extract or antioxidants had lower Hunter a values and total microbial counts than the control. Thus galangal extract may be a possible natural antioxidant source for meat and meat products. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chitosan-Based Smart Polymeric Hydrogels and Their Prospective Applications in Biomedicine

With increasing scientific research, knowledge, and socioeconomic awareness, research, and industrial communities are now much more interested in biopolymers-based composite materials with multifaceted functionalities. Biopolymers are easily obtainable, economical, non-hazardous, and abundant. Several natural and synthetic polymers have been used to prepare hydrogels, microbeads, and microfibers for controlled drug release. Due to marvelous properties, chitosan has been widely explored for medical and pharmaceutical applications. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the chitosan-based hydrogels for biomedical applications, especially for transplantation, and for improving interfacial interactions for the living tissues. Hydrogels can be synthesized by co-polymerization, condensation, and cross-linking. This review spotlights recent advances in physicochemical characteristics, modification strategies, and smart blended hydrogels for an array of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The whole discussion reveals that among all the biopolymers, chitosan is the finest carrier for biomedical applications.