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991.
下套管作业时,套管螺纹联接质量的好坏直接影响着油井寿命,因此有必要研制一种套管动力钳转矩监测系统。以目前国内常用的TQ-20型套管动力钳为例,介绍了一种与之相配套的套管钳转矩监测系统的功能特点,测试原理,结构设计,并对实测各类紧扣曲线进行了分析。该系统采用主从机结构,主机为工业控制微机,从机为单片机系统,主从机采用远距离通信传输,大大地改善了工业控制微机的工况条件。该系统实现无人监控、自动记录、绘 相似文献
992.
本文给出了用加强板加大管道截面系数来增加架空输水管道跨越距离的设计方法及其计算过程,并用实例说明了用此种方法加强大跨度管道的有效性和合理性。 相似文献
993.
Chih-Chun Hsieh Tao-Chih Chang Dong-Yih Lin Ming-Che Chen Weite Wu 《Metals and Materials International》2007,13(5):411-416
The purpose of this study is to investigate the precipitation characteristics of σ phase in the fusion zone of stainless steel
welds at various welding passes during a tungsten are welding (GTAW) process. The morphology, quantity, and chemical composition
of the δ-ferrite and σ phase were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), a ferritscope (FS), a X-ray diffractometer (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS),
respectively. Massive δ-ferrite was observed in the fusion zone of the first pass welds during welding of dissimilar stainless
steels. The σ phase precipitated at the inner δ-ferrite particles and decreased δ-ferrite content during the third pass welding.
The σ and δ phases can be stabilized by Si element, which promoted the phase transformation of σ→ϱ+λ2 in the fusion zone of the third pass welds. It was found that the σ phase was a Fe−Cr−Si intermetallic compound found in
the fusion zone of the third pass welds during multi-pass welding. 相似文献
994.
Viscose-based activated carbon fibers (VACFs) were treated by a dielectric-barrier discharge plasma at different conditions. Nitrogen was used as the feed gas to create nitrogen radicals. The textural characteristics were analyzed by SEM, BET and XRD. The surface chemical functional groups were analyzed by XPS. The results show that after nitrogen plasma modification (NPM), the external surface of the VACFs was etched and became rougher, the surface area and pore volume decreased, the average micropore width barely changed, the PSD of the VACF became narrower and the graphitic crystallites of VACF had been destroyed slightly. XPS revealed that NPM could remarkably change the distribution of the oxygen functional groups on the VACFs surface and there were more nitrogen atoms incorporated into the aromatic ring. A tentative explanation for the modification process is proposed. 相似文献
995.
Marielle Montginoul 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(5):861-871
This paper presents the results of a 2003 national survey of urban water pricing structure implemented by 429 district level
water utilities. After providing some background elements on the diversity of existing water pricing structures, the paper
shows how each structure can be used to achieve different management objectives (water allocation efficiency, costs recovery,
and equity). It then describes the structures adopted by French water utilities, showing that flat rate are rarely adopted;
declining blocks frequently used; and increasing blocks pricing which should be used to promote water use efficiency remain
extremely rare. A statistical clustering is then conducted and a typology of situations elaborated. The paper concludes with
highlighting that current pricing structures are influenced by past practices and that the dominant objective of water utilities
is to cover costs. 相似文献
996.
997.
Bong-Un Lee Hwa-Suk Oh Ja-Young Kang 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2007,21(3):436-447
The geometric singularity problem is one of principal difficulty when using single-gimbal control moment gyros as spacecraft
attitude control devices. To overcome singularity, new steering logics are suggested in this paper which results in a reduction
in the difficulty of generating gimbal rates around a singular state. One of the suggested steering laws presented is the
reduced dimensional singular value decomposition steering law, which adopts the singular value decomposition in reduced dimensional
forms. Two other steering laws make use of the least square method in reduced dimensional forms. All of the suggested steering
laws have been generated for the compensation of the torque insufficiency. These logics are verified mathematically and simulations
at a singular condition and non-singular condition are performed to see how well they work. 相似文献
998.
塔格糖是一种天然的低能量填充型甜味剂,并具有抑制高血糖、改善肠道菌群和不致龋齿等多种生理功效。目前主要通过生物和化学两种方法合成。 相似文献
999.
428XL地震仪器系统成功实践了一种新的可控震源施工技术和方法——高保真可控震源采集技术(HFVS)。本质上,HFVS技术是以采集到的每台震源实际运动的信号来进行数据反演,替代了传统的以参考信号进行的互相关处理,从而有效地减少了谐波畸变对地震资料品质的影响。在实际施工时,HFVS技术采用多台震源以不同初始扫描相位同时激发,再将采集到的地震记录进行分离处理得到每台震源的大地脉冲响应,实现了高效采集条件下的可控震源单点激发。本文详细介绍了HFVS技术的基本原理,总结了高保真可控震源采集的施工特点及其对仪器采集设备的要求,并通过实例,介绍了利用428XL仪器先进的技术性能实现高保真可控震源三维地震采集的方法和经验。 相似文献
1000.
Use of climate scenarios to aid in decision analysis for interannual water supply planning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work addresses the issue of climate change in the context of water resource planning on the time scale of a few years.
Planning on this time scale generally ignores the role of climate change. However, where the climate of a region has already
shifted, the use of historical data for planning purposes may be misleading. In order to test this, a case study is conducted
for a region, the Australian Capital Territory, where long term drought is raising concerns of a possible climate shift. The
issue is cast in terms of a particular planning decision; the option to augment water supply in the next few years to hedge
against the drought persisting. A set of climate scenarios are constructed for the region corresponding to the historical
climate regime and to regimes where progressively greater levels of change are assumed to have already taken place (5%, 10%,
20% reductions in mean rainfall). Probabilities of the drought persisting are calculated for each of the scenarios. The results
show substantial increases in the probability of the drought persisting for even moderate reductions in mean rainfall. The
sensitivity of the decision to augment supply to the scenario results depends ultimately on the planners tolerable thresholds
for the probability of the drought persisting. The use of different scenarios enables planners to explore the sensitivity
of the decision in terms of their risk tolerance to ongoing drought and to their degree of belief in each of the scenarios
tested. 相似文献