The Relationships among “STAY-GREEN” Trait,Post-Anthesis Assimilate Remobilization,and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The mobilization and translocation of carbohydrates and mineral nutrients from vegetative plant parts to grains are pivotal for grain filling, often involving a whole plant senescence process. Loss of greenness is a hallmark of leaf senescence. However, the relationship between crop yield and senescence has been controversial for many years. Here, in this study, the overexpression and RNA interference lines of gene of OsNYC3 (Non-Yellow Coloring 3), a chlorophyll catabolism gene, were investigated. Furthermore, exogenous phytohormones were applied, and a treatment of alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD) was introduced to regulate the processes of leaf senescence. The results indicated that the delayed senescence of the “STAY-GREEN” trait of rice is undesirable for the process of grain filling, and it would cause a lower ratio of grain filling and lower grain weight of inferior grains, because of unused assimilates in the stems and leaves. Through the overexpression of OsNYC3, application of exogenous chemicals of abscisic acid (ABA), and water management of AWMD, leaf photosynthesis was less influenced, a high ratio of carbohydrate assimilates was partitioned to grains other than leaves and stems as labeled by ¹³C, grain filling was improved, especially for inferior spikelets, and activities of starch-synthesizing enzymes were enhanced. However, application of ethephon not only accelerated leaf senescence, but also caused seed abortion and grain weight reduction. Thus, plant senescence needs to be finely adjusted in order to make a contribution to crop productivity.     

Treatment of Periodontal Inflammation in Diabetic Rats with IL-1ra Thermosensitive Hydrogel

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is considered to be the main cause of adult tooth loss. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important pre-inflammatory factor, which participates in the pathophysiological process of periodontitis and diabetes. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a natural inhibitor of IL-1, and the balance between IL-1ra and IL-1β is one of the main factors affecting chronic periodontitis (CP) and diabetes. The purpose of this study is to develop a drug carrier that is safe and nontoxic and can effectively release IL-1ra, which can effectively slow down the inflammation of periodontal tissues with diabetes, and explore the possibility of lowering the blood sugar of this drug carrier. Therefore, in this experiment, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with IL-1ra was prepared and characterized, and its anti-inflammatory effect in high-sugar environments in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. The results showed that the hydrogel could gel after 5 min at 37 °C, the pore size was 5–70 μm, and the cumulative release of IL-1ra reached 83.23% on the 21st day. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of IL-1β, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inflammatory factors decreased after the treatment with IL-1ra-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel. Histological evaluation and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) showed that IL-1ra-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel could effectively inhibit periodontal inflammation and reduce alveolar bone absorption in rats with diabetic periodontitis. It is worth mentioning that this hydrogel also plays a role in relieving hyperglycemia. Therefore, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with IL-1ra may be an effective method to treat periodontitis with diabetes.     

Cyt-C Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Oocyte Apoptosis in Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is involved in sex change in M. albus. However, the apoptotic signaling pathway is unclear. In the current study, we explored the underlying mechanism of apoptosis during gonadal development and focused on the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in sex change in M. albus. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis in gonads at five sexual stages and ovary tissues exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro. Then the expression patterns of key genes and proteins in the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway were examined. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the early intersexual stage and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that bax, tnfr1, and calpain were mainly expressed in the five stages. ELISA demonstrated that the relative content of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) in the mitochondrial pathway was significantly higher than that of caspase8 and caspase12, with a peak in the early intersexual stage, while the levels of caspase8 and caspase12 peaked in the late intersexual stage. Interestingly, the Pearson’s coefficient between cyt-c and the apoptosis rate was 0.705, which suggests that these factors are closely related during the gonadal development of M. albus. Furthermore, the cyt-c signal was found to be increased in the intersexual stage by immunohistochemistry. After incubation with H₂O₂, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pathway molecules such as bax, apaf-1, and caspase3 increased in ovary tissues. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may play a more important role than the other apoptotic pathways in sex change in M. albus.     

浅谈教育建筑综合体-以广州中匮药大学国际楼为例

当前校园规划出现了复杂性导向,在校园规划的发展过程中,建筑单体也出现了混合功能的倾向.该文就此倾向进行剖析,并结合广州中医药大学国际楼实际工程提出教育建筑综合体的设计特点.     

基于深度学习的真实尺度运动恢复结构方法

传统的多视图几何方法获取场景结构存在两个问题：一是因图片模糊和低纹理带来的特征点误匹配,从而导致重建精度降低;二是单目相机缺少尺度信息,重建结果只能确定未知的比例因子,无法获取准确的场景结构。针对这些问题本文提出一种基于深度学习的真实尺度运动恢复结构方法。首先使用卷积神经网络获取图片的深度信息;接着为了恢复单目相机的尺度信息,引入惯性传感单元(IMU),将IMU获取的加速度和角速度与ORB-SLAM2获取的相机位姿进行时域和频域上的协同,在频域中获取单目相机的尺度信息;最后将图片的深度图和具有尺度因子的相机位姿进行融合,重建出场景的三维结构。实验表明,使用Depth CNN网络获取的单目图像深度图解决了多层卷积池化操作输出图像分辨率低和缺少重要特征信息的问题,绝对值误差达到了0.192,准确率高达0.959;采用多传感器融合的方法,在频域上获取单目相机的尺度能够达到0.24 m的尺度误差,相比于VIORB方法获取的相机尺度精度更高;重建的三维模型与真实大小具有0.2 m左右的误差,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

螺杆真空泵单头型线变双头方法研究

针对目前发展较为成熟的单头转子型线动不平衡问题,提出了一种将单头转子型线变为双头对称型线的方法。总结了该方法所适用的单头转子型线所需满足的条件,并用数学方法证明了所得到的双头型线能够正确啮合。定性分析计算了型线从单头变为双头后面积的变化,并以特定单头型线为例,计算了型线面积利用系数的变化。将特定单头型线变换得到对应的双头对称型线,用Solidworks三维软件建立转子模型并进行两个转子的装配,模拟验证了双头型线的正确性。该方法保留了原型线的接触线、泄漏三角形等特性,得到了具有较好动平衡性的双头型线。     

等静压石墨的生产工艺、主要用途和国内市场分析

在等静压石墨/BNi-2/304不锈钢套管式真空钎焊试验的基础上,使用有限元分析软件对钎焊接头在不同钎焊间隙下残余应力的大小和分布进行模拟,结合试验对模拟结果进行分析说明,判断接头薄弱区。结果表明,对于等静压石墨管和不锈钢管钎焊接头,304不锈钢侧和BNi-2钎料层中的残余应力对接头强度的影响不大;随着钎焊间隙增加,径向残余应力减小,接头强度提升,但钎焊间隙过大时会使接头拉断,影响母材连接;通过模拟分析发现,当钎焊间隙为50 μm左右时,母材连接不充分;当钎焊间隙为150 μm左右时,获得良好接头;当钎焊间隙为250 μm左右时,受304侧与石墨侧的径向残余应力共同作用下,接头产生环形裂纹;当钎焊间隙为350 μm左右时,沿轴线方向距接头顶部约900 μm、沿径向方向距钎料约600～1 000 μm处的等静压石墨为接头薄弱区,并产生环状裂纹衍生至接头端面。

     

1 300 MPa级超高强钢临界粗晶热影响区组织和韧性

采用热模拟和显微金相、显微硬度检测等技术研究了1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度、冷却时间t_8/5对其焊接热影响区粗晶区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢奥氏体化开始温度A_c1为710 ℃,奥氏体化结束温度A_c3为820 ℃;随着t_8/5的增大,热影响区粗晶区的组织由全部为板条马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体+板条马氏体的混合组织,再转变为全部粒状贝氏体组织,最终转变为贝氏体 + 珠光体 + 铁素体组织;随着t_8/5的增大,显微硬度从500 HV5逐渐降至250 HV5,而试验钢母材硬度值范围为502～523 HV5,因此在t_8/5较大时,即在较大的焊接热输入条件下,1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢软化现象严重,焊接过程应严格控制焊接热输入。