冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析

黑河上游处于高寒山区,开展冰冻圈水文过程对径流的影响研究,对于判断该地区径流变化趋势及其可持续性具有重要意义。本文应用基流分割、逐步多元回归等方法,分析了1960—2013年黑河上游出山径流量的变化及其原因,重点估计了融雪、冰川融化对径流的贡献,探讨了土壤冻融过程对径流变化的可能影响。分析结果表明,黑河上游山区河川径流在近54年间呈现上升趋势,其中以基流部分的上升为主。降水与气温变化对河川径流上升均有较大贡献。导致春季径流增加的主要因素为温度、降水次之;导致秋季径流增加的主要因素为降水、温度次之。夏季黑河上游东支的雨强有显著增大趋势(日雨量增幅为0.9 mm/10 a),对于河川径流贡献的比例约为15%。黑河山区的逐年降雪量变化不显著,冰川融化对径流增加的贡献小于10%。由此推断气温上升导致基流增加的主要原因是:气温升高导致高寒山区冻土活动层增厚,增加了土壤蓄水容量,从而导致降雨下渗量增加和基流量增大。由于黑河上游冻土分布广泛,未来气温持续上升的情况下,这种产流机制变化导致的基流增加具有可持续性。     

某油田废水处理站电渗析装置的技术改造

针对某油田废水处理站电渗析装置水的利用率低以及设备维修费用高等问题,将人工手动倒极改为自动频繁倒极,并采用降压倒极技术,同时对浓水罐溢流方式和极水系统进行技术改造,达到提高淡水水质、水利用率和经济效益的目的.     

蒲石河抽水蓄能电站监控系统LCU回路设计

介绍了蒲石河抽水蓄能电站计算机监控系统现地控制单元(LCU)回路的电源、网络结构、同期回路、水机回路等设计.此设计满足了蒲石河抽水蓄能电站对电站安全、高效的生产要求,为抽水蓄能电站监控系统国产化奠定了坚实的基础,同时为国内大型抽水蓄能电站监控系统的设计提供参考.     

数字图像处理中通道原理及应用的研究

从通道与色彩的关系出发,将通道分为3种类型：原色通道、Alpha通道和专色通道,并通过实例深入剖析了通道的原理,指出通道的实质就是灰度图,灰度图中每一个像素均代表着图像中相同位置的像素,灰度的明暗反映了图像的颜色信息,举例说明了通道在调整图像颜色和保存、载入图像方面的应用。     

Instance weighting versus threshold adjusting for cost-sensitive classification

In real-world classification problems, different types of misclassification errors often have asymmetric costs, thus demanding cost-sensitive learning methods that attempt to minimize average misclassification cost rather than plain error rate. Instance weighting and post hoc threshold adjusting are two major approaches to cost-sensitive classifier learning. This paper compares the effects of these two approaches on several standard, off-the-shelf classification methods. The comparison indicates that the two approaches lead to similar results for some classification methods, such as Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and backpropagation neural network, but very different results for other methods, such as decision tree, decision table, and decision rule learners. The findings from this research have important implications on the selection of the cost-sensitive classifier learning approach as well as on the interpretation of a recently published finding about the relative performance of Naïve Bayes and decision trees.     

不同功能单体对分子印迹聚合物识别性能的模拟

以槲皮素为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、三氟甲基丙烯酸(TFMAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、2-乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)、4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)六种物质分别作为功能单体,运用量子化学方法模拟模板分子与不同功能单体的分子印迹聚合物预组装体系的构型、能量及复合反应的结合能△E,以讨论不同功能单体对分子印迹聚合物识别性能的影响,结果4-VP的印迹效应最好.通过模拟,有助于解释实验现象以及选择印迹效应更好的功能单体.     

基于核Fisher的理想投影空间及分类阈值确定

介绍了一种基于Fisher线性判别的非线性分类方法--核Fisher,其主要思想是首先把样本映射到特征空间F,然后在此空问进行Fisher线性判别,隐含地实现了原输入空间的非线性判别;同时利用SVM对分类阚值进行估计,实现了对两类样本最大程度的区分.通过仿真可以得出这一判别方式有利于确定两类平均丢包率的区分阚值.     

2D MoN1.2-rGO Stacked Heterostructures Enabled Water State Modification for Highly Efficient Interfacial Solar Evaporation

Improving interfacial solar evaporation performance is crucial for the practical application of this technology in solar-driven seawater desalination. Lowering evaporation enthalpy is one of the most promising and effective strategies to significantly improve solar evaporation rate. In this study, a new pathway to lower vaporization enthalpy by introducing heterogeneous interactions between hydrophilic hybrid materials and water molecules is developed. 2D MoN_1.2 nanosheets are synthesized and integrated with rGO nanosheets to form stacked MoN_1.2-rGO heterostructures with massive junction interfaces for interfacial solar evaporation. Molecular dynamics simulation confirms that atomic thick 2D MoN_1.2 and rGO in the MoN_1.2-rGO heterostructures simultaneously interact with water molecules, while the interactions are remarkably different. These heterogeneous interactions cause an imbalanced water state, which easily breaks the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, leading to dramatically lowered vaporization enthalpy and improved solar evaporation rate (2.6 kg m⁻² h⁻¹). This study provides a promising strategy for designing 2D-2D heterostructures to regulate evaporation enthalpy to improve solar evaporate rate for clean water production.     

Leveraging Bioinspired Structural Constraints for Tunable and Programmable Snapping Dynamics in High-Speed Soft Actuators

Creating high-speed soft actuators will have broad engineering and technological applications. Snapping provides a power-amplified mechanism to achieve rapid movements in soft actuators that typically show slow movements. However, precise control of snapping dynamics (e.g., speed and direction of launching or jumping) remains a daunting challenge. Here, a bioinspired design principle is presented that harnesses a reconfigurable constraint structure integrated into a photoactive liquid crystal elastomer actuator to enable tunable and programmable control over its snapping dynamics. By reconfiguring constrained fin-array-shaped structure, the snapping dynamics of the structured actuator, such as launching or jumping angle and height, motion speed, and release force can be on-demand tuned, thus enabling controllable catapult motion and programmable jumping. Moreover, the structured actuators exhibit a unique combination of ultrafast moving speed (up to 2.5 m s⁻¹ in launching and 0.22 m s⁻¹ in jumping), powerful ejection (long ejection distance of ≈20 cm, 35 mg ball), and high jumping height (≈8 cm, 40 times body lengths), which few other soft actuators can achieve. This study provides a new universal design paradigm for realizing controllable rapid movements and high-power motions in soft matter, which are useful for building high-performance soft robotics and actuation devices.