大坝变形预测的最优因子长短期记忆网络模型

面对海量的大坝安全监测数据,快速合理地确定大坝变形预测模型的变量因子能够有效提高模型预测的效率和精度。为此,本文提出一种基于最小绝对值收缩和选择算子（least absolute shrinkage and selection operation,LASSO）变量选择和长短期记忆（long short-term memory,LSTM）网络的大坝变形预测模型。首先,通过大坝变形机理分析确定影响大坝变形的相关影响因子集。然后,通过LASSO算法剔除不显著的因子,筛选出最优影响因子作为模型输入变量,并利用LSTM网络建立大坝变形预测模型。最后,以皂市水利枢纽工程的碾压混凝土重力坝为例,对本文方法进行了验证和讨论。结果表明,本文方法具有较高的预测精度,其平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方误差（MSE）与均方根误差（RMSE）均相对较小;与常规预测模型相比,基于LASSO算法的变量选择使模型建立过程更加简单高效,有利于海量监测数据的处理分析。     

基于自校准技术的半球谐振陀螺正交误差的辨识补偿

在静电刚度校正技术的基础上,结合自校准算法,该文提出了一种实时辨识补偿正交误差的理论模型,并在两件套平面电极的半球谐振陀螺上进行了理论仿真和实验验证。结果表明,该方法不仅适用于半球谐振陀螺的力平衡和全角两种工作模式,还适用于虚拟进动的情况。此外,该文提出的补偿方法不会影响正交环路的控制精度,且对陀螺检测和驱动电路的增益和相位误差不敏感。     

压电超声共振式风传感器风场闭环解算策略研究

为了能够在复杂环境下实现风速风向的高精度和高稳定性测量,在基于声学共振原理的风传感器系统的基础上,采用闭环控制扫描技术改进了系统的性能指标。采用声学共振的方式,同时对换能器产生的信号进行频率调制和强度调制,实现对超声换能器的线型扫描。频率调制解决了在不同压力、温度等环境因素影响下导致的共振频移的问题,强度调制解决了换能器性能随时间衰减问题,极大地提高了信噪比。实验结果表明,采用闭环控制的方法可以准确测量风速风向。风速测量范围0～50 m/s,风速测量精度为±0.5 m/s(≤15m/s)/±5%(>15 m/s且<35 m/s)/±9%(>35 m/s)。改进后的系统在复杂环境下受环境变化影响小、精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。     

基于纯电动船舶应用实践的综合效益分析与推广

电动船舶是船舶行业发展最有前景的技术方向之一,是实现水上交通领域双碳目标的重要举措。聚焦近年来电动船舶推广现状,以江苏电动船舶的应用实践为例,通过试验数据分析了电动船舶的建设成本高、运营成本低、环境减排效益显著等特点。基于主要特征进一步研究了电动船舶推广机制,阐述了江苏实践的相关举措与成效,通过建设电动船舶配套充换电设施、降低电动船舶使用成本等方法,为现阶段电动船舶的规模化推广提供参考。     

Progress of Phosphate-based Polyanion Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are recently prevailing devices that utilize the abundant Zn resources and the merits of aqueous electrolytes to become a competitive alternative for large-scale energy storage. Benefiting from the unique inductive effect and flexible structure, the past five years have experienced a diversiform of phosphate-based polyanion materials that are used as cathodes in ARZBs. In this review, the most recent advances in the Zn²⁺ storage mechanisms and electrolyte optimization of the phosphate-based cathodes of ARZBs, which mainly focus on vanadium/iron-based phosphates and their derivatives are presented. Furthermore, in addition to significant progress on polyanion phosphate-based cathode materials, the design strategies both for electrode materials and compatible electrolytes are also elaborated to improve the energy density and extend the cycling life of aqueous Zn/polyanion batteries.     

Carbon Black-Supported Single-Atom Co?N?C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Production in Acidic Media and Microbial Fuel Cell in Neutral Media

Single metal atom isolated in nitrogen-doped carbon materials (M N C) are effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which produces H₂O₂ or H₂O via 2-electron or 4-electron process. However, most of M N C catalysts can only present high selectivity for one product, and the selectivity is usually regulated by complicated structure design. Herein, a carbon black-supported Co N C catalyst (CB@Co N C) is synthesized. Tunable 2-electron/4-electron behavior is realized on CB@Co-N-C by utilizing its H₂O₂ yield dependence on electrolyte pH and catalyst loading. In acidic media with low catalyst loading, CB@Co N C presents excellent mass activity and high selectivity for H₂O₂ production. In flow cell with gas diffusion electrode, a H₂O₂ production rate of 5.04 mol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ is achieved by CB@Co N C on electrolyte circulation mode, and a long-term H₂O₂ production of 200 h is demonstrated on electrolyte non-circulation mode. Meanwhile, CB@Co N C exhibits a dominant 4-electron ORR pathway with high activity and durability in pH neutral media with high catalyst loading. The microbial fuel cell using CB@Co N C as the cathode catalyst shows a peak power density close to that of benchmark Pt/C catalyst.     

Ultraefficient Non-Doped Deep Blue Fluorescent OLED: Achieving a High EQE of 10.17% at 1000 cd m−2 with CIEy<0.08

The pursuit for efficient deep blue material is an ever-increasing issue in organic optoelectronics field. It is a long-standing challenge to achieve high external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceed 10% at brightness of 1000 cd m⁻² with a Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE_y) <0.08 in non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, this study reports a deep blue luminogen, PPITPh, by bonding phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole moiety with m-terphenyl group via benzene bridge. The non-doped OLED based on PPITPh exhibits an exceptionally high EQE of 11.83% with a CIE coordinate of (0.15, 0.07). The EQE still maintains 10.17% at the brightness of 1000 cd m⁻², and even at a brightness as high as 10000 cd m⁻², an EQE of 7.5% is still remained, representing the record-high result among non-doped deep-blue OLEDs at 1000 cd m⁻². The unprecedented device performance is attributed to the reversed intersystem crossing process through hot exciton mechanism. Besides, the maximum EQE of orange phosphorescent OLED with PPITPh as host is 32.02%, and remains 31.17% at the brightness of 1000 cd m⁻². Such minimal efficiency roll-off demonstrates that PPITPh is also an excellent phosphorescent host material. The result offers a new design strategy for the enrichment of high-efficiency deep blue luminogen.     

In Situ Topochemical Transformation of ZnIn2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Diformylfuran

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) coupled H₂ production offers a promising approach to producing valuable chemicals. Herein, an efficient in situ topological transformation tactic is developed for producing porous O-doped ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheets for HMF oxidation cooperative with H₂ evolution. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM images show that the hierarchical porous O-ZIS-120 possesses abundant atomic scale edge steps and lattice defects, which is beneficial for electron accumulation and molecule adsorption. The optimal catalyst (O-ZIS-120) exhibits remarkable performance with 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) yields of 1624 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ and the selectivity of >97%, simultaneously with the H₂ evolution rate of 1522 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹. Mechanistic investigations through theoretical calculations show that O in the O-ZIS-120 lattice can reduce the oxidation energy barrier of hydroxyl groups of HMF. In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) results reveal that DFF^* (C₄H₂(CHO)₂O^*) intermediate has a weak interaction with O-ZIS-120 and desorb as the final product. This study elucidates the topotactic structural transitions of 2D materials simultaneously with electronic structure modulation for efficient photocatalytic DFF production.     

Optoelectronic Synapses and Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconductor/Halide Perovskite Heterojunctions: Materials,Devices, and Applications

Both photodetectors (PDs) and optoelectronic synaptic devices (OSDs) are optoelectronic devices converting light signals into electrical responses. Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors and halide perovskites have aroused tremendous research interest owing to their exceptional optical/electrical characteristics and low-cost processability. The heterojunction formed between organic semiconductors and halide perovskites can modify the exciton dissociation/recombination efficiency and modulate the charge-trapping effect. Consequently, organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions can endow PDs and OSDs with high photo responsivity and the ability to simulate synaptic functions respectively, making them appropriate for the development of energy-efficient artificial visual systems with sensory and recognition functions. This article summarizes the recent advances in this research field. The physical/chemical properties and preparation methods of organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are briefly introduced. Then the development of PDs and OSDs based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions, as well as their innovative applications, are systematically presented. Finally, some prospective challenges and probable strategies for the future development of optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are discussed.     

Boosting Piezo-Catalytic Activity of KNN-Based Materials with Phase Boundary and Defect Engineering

Although the piezo-catalysis is promising for the environmental remediation and biomedicine, the piezo-catalytic properties of various piezoelectric materials are limited by low carrier concentrations and mobility, and rapid electron-hole pair recombination, and reported regulating strategies are quite complex and difficult. Herein, a new and simple strategy, integrating phase boundary engineering and defect engineering, to boost the piezo-catalytic activity of potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na)NbO₃, KNN) based materials is innovatively proposed. Tur strategy is validated by exampling 0.96(K_0.48Na_0.52)Nb_0.955Sb_0.045O₃-0.04(Bi_xNa_4-3x)_0.5ZrO₃-0.3%Fe₂O₃ material having phase boundary engineering and conducted the defect engineering via the high-energy sand-grinding. A high reaction rate constant k of 92.49 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ in the sand-grinding sample is obtained, which is 2.40 times than that of non-sand-grinding one and superior to those of other representative lead-free perovskite piezoelectric materials. Meanwhile, the sand-grinding sample has remarkable bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Superior piezo-catalytic activities originate from the enhanced electron-hole pair separation and the increased carrier concentration. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo-catalytic activities of lead-free piezoelectric materials and holds great promise for harnessing natural energy and disease treatment.