Sliding mode control design via piecewise smooth Lipschitz surfaces based on contingent cone criteria

In order to improve flexibility of sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems, a new control design method is proposed in this paper. The sliding surface is extended to be a generic Lipschitz continuous surface instead of a smooth one, with which different characteristics of sliding motion may be realized. Due to the nonsmoothness of the sliding surface, the control design problem is discussed in the framework of Filippov’s differential inclusion, by analyzing the geometric properties of the nonsmooth surface. Discontinuous control laws are presented based on new contingent cone criteria, which steer all of the trajectories of the closed-loop system to reach the piecewise smooth sliding surface in finite time.     

4′-甲基2腈基联苯的合成

以邻氨基苯甲酸为起始原料,经重氮化、芳基化、取代和脱水等步骤合成药物中间体4′-甲基-2-腈基联苯.通过正交实验得到芳基化反应较佳条件为:10mol/L氢氧化钠15mL,甲苯30mL,反应温度5℃,反应时间5h,产物4′-甲基-2-联苯羧酸的产率为59.4%. 考察了脱水剂种类,脱水反应较佳的实验条件为氯化亚砜15mL,4′-甲基-2-联苯酰胺2.6g,反应8h,产物4′-甲基-2-腈基联苯的产率为67.7%.     

0.3%印楝素乳油防治水稻二化螟药效试验

0.3%印楝素乳油对水稻二化螟有较好的防治效果,用药后14 d防效达90%左右,而且对稻株无药害,可以作为当前防治二化螟的选择药剂。     

PEGDA/NIPAM共聚物水凝胶的溶胀性能及体积相变研究

以IRGACURE2959为光引发剂,聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(PEGAD)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,通过紫外光引发光聚合合成了PEGDA/NIPAM共聚物水凝胶.研究了不同单体质量比凝胶材料在不同温度和pH值下的溶胀性能,测试凝胶在不同温度水中的体积相变.研究结果表明,水凝胶的平衡溶胀率随着NIPAM质量浓度增大而增大,随着环境温度的升高而减小,随着环境pH的增大而增大;NIPAM引入后,随着温度升高达到凝胶低临界溶解温度(LCST)时,凝胶平衡溶胀率及溶胀比减小明显加快,发生体积相变;随着NIPAM质量浓度的增大,凝胶溶胀饱和率减小,凝胶具备良好的延缓溶胀性能.     

The Phase Transformation of R_2O-CaO-SiO_2-F Glass-ceramics

The phase transformation of R2O-CaO-SiO2-F system glass-ceramics with various additions of K2O and F was investigated by DTA, XRD, SEM and other techniques. The crystallization and the microstructure of the obtained glass-ceramics were also evaluated. The phase separation occurred in CN1 specimen after being quenched in water, but phase separation did not appear in other quenched specimens with the content of K2O and F increasing obviously, showing K2O and F modified the structure of the glass-forming melts...     

ZnO一维纳米结构在金属基底上的原位生长和表征

以Cu—Zn合金片为基底并提供Zn源,在含氧气氛中通过调控反应温度和氧偏压,采用热氧化法直接在Cu-Zn合金片上大面积可控地合成了多种形貌的ZnO一雏纳米材料薄膜（包括纳米带、纳米片、纳米梳和纳米线等）,采用多种分析方法对产物的形貌、结构进行了详细的表征,并对其相应的生长模型进行了讨论。结果表明,反应温度和氧偏压对ZnO纳米结构的生长至关重要,随着反应温度升高或氧含量的减少,气相Zn／O物种的偏压比增加,ZnO纳米结构尺寸变小。     

铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料吸附Cr(VI)的性能及机理

以富含铁的铜渣（CS）为原料，在碱激发条件下制备了铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料（CSCBC），对废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附处理。考察了吸附剂添加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度及pH等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响，并通过吸附动力学和热力学分析，结合吸附前后吸附材料结构表征，对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明，当Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、pH=1、吸附剂投加量为0.4 g时，在240 min内达吸附平衡，Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达93%以上，最大理论吸附容量25.3 mg/g。与生物炭基铁氧化物复合材料、FeS复合材料、铁掺杂吸附剂等同类型吸附剂相比，Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量明显提高。CSCBC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。其吸附机制主要是还原、吸附等双重作用的结果。 6次吸附-解吸实验后，其吸附容量保持初次吸附容量的75%以上 。     

基于集成压控振荡器的调频电路仿真分析

LM566是一种积分-施密特触发电路型的单片集成 VCO 芯片,在调频电路的教学中作为调制器和解调器,通过对其芯片的仿真,可以在软件平台形象的展示其工作特点,便于定量分析。由于Multisim元件库里没有LM566所需模型,为实现LM566在Multisim12仿真环境中的建模,首先,运用Multisim元件库中现有的基本元件模型,构建LM566芯片内部结构;然后,对外围调频电路的静态工作方式和动态工作方式的分析;最后,实验结果表明,给出的芯片模型能够客观的描述LM566的基本特性,为运用该芯片完成包括调频电路在内的各种功能电路的仿真分析奠定了基础,有效扩展了Multisim仿真软件的使用范围,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Relationship of structure to properties of surfactants. 16. Linear decyldiphenylether sulfonates

The properties of some well-characterized sodium linear decyldiphenylether (C₁₀DPE)sulfonates have been studied. Among the properties investigated are dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface, wetting time by the Draves technique, foaming by the Ross-Miles method, solubilization, and hydrotropy. The decyldiphenylether moiety appears to be equivalent to a terminally substituted straight alkyl chain of 16 carbon atoms. The trialkyl- and dialkyl-mono-sulfonates have solubilities of < 0.01 g/dm³ in water, but are readily soluble in hexane. The didecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate (DADS) has a very low CMC value (1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³) in aqueous 0.1 N Na⁺ solution (NaCl), characteristic of surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups. It also has a much larger area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface than the monodecyldiphenyl-ether monosulfonate (MAMS) and a much higher surface tension at the CMC. MAMS has a much lower surface tension at a surface age of 1 second (γ_1s) than either DADS or the monodecyldiphenylether disulfonate (MADS). In agreement with γ_1s and γ_eq values, wetting times increase in the order: MAMS < DADS < MADS and initial foam heights decrease in the order: MAMS > DADS > MADS. Solubilization for three water-insoluble surfactants decreases in the order: DADS > MAMS > MADS, while hydrotropy is most pronounced with the disulfonates.     

光纤通信中自相位调制与四波混频影响因素仿真

为了解决在高速率传输过程中,光纤介质的非线性效应及其在波分复用(WDM)系统中光信号造成的严重衰减问题,围绕自相位调制和四波混频两种非线性效应进行分析,采用Opti System模拟软件分析了造成SPM和FWM效应的主要变量因素.结果表明,输入功率、信道间隔以及色散是造成自相位调制和四波混频性能变化的主要原因,通过调整这些参数可以提高光纤传输性能,为进一步优化奠定了基础.