This paper proposes two novel packet scheduling schemes, called as throughput enhanced scheduling (TES) and TES plus (TES+), for future ultra‐dense networks. These schemes introduce two novel parameters to the scheduling decision making and reformulate the parameters used by the state‐of‐the‐art schemes. The aim is to have a more balanced weight distribution between delay and throughput‐related parameters at scheduling decisions. Also include a new telecommunications related parameter into scheduling decision making that has not been studied by popular schedulers. The performance of novel schemes is compared with well‐known schemes—proportional fairness (PF), exponential/proportional fairness (EXP/PF), and M‐LWDF. For performance evaluation, five performance metrics—average spectral efficiency and delay, quality of service (QoS) violation ratio, jitter, and Jain's fairness index—are investigated. The simulation results show that proposed schemes can outperform all the compared scheduling schemes. 相似文献
One of the new optimization techniques proposed in recent years is elephant herding optimization (EHO) algorithm. Despite its short history, EHO has been used to solve many engineering and real-world problems by attracting researcher attention with its advantages such as efficient global search ability, having fewer control parameters and ease of implementation. However, there is no remarkable binary variant of EHO algorithm in the literature. A new binary approach based on EHO algorithm is proposed in this study. The newer binary variant of EHO named as BinEHO is binarized with preserving the search ability of basic EHO. The main purpose of the study is to present a simple, efficient and robust binary variant which copes with different binary problems. Therefore, the proposed method is tested on three important binary optimization problems, 0–1 knapsack, uncapacitated facility location and wind turbine placement, in order to show its performance and accuracy. In addition, the BinEHO is compared with various binary variants on these problems. Experimental results and comparisons show that the BinEHO algorithm is a robust and efficient tool for binary optimization.
In this study, which aims at early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease using X-ray images, the deep-learning approach, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence method, was used, and automatic classification of images was performed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). In the first training-test data set used in the study, there were 230 X-ray images, of which 150 were Covid-19 and 80 were non-Covid-19, while in the second training-test data set there were 476 X-ray images, of which 150 were Covid-19 and 326 were non-Covid-19. Thus, classification results have been provided for two data sets, containing predominantly Covid-19 images and predominantly non-Covid-19 images, respectively. In the study, a 23-layer CNN architecture and a 54-layer CNN architecture were developed. Within the scope of the study, the results were obtained using chest X-ray images directly in the training-test procedures and the sub-band images obtained by applying dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to the above-mentioned images. The same experiments were repeated using images obtained by applying local binary pattern (LBP) to the chest X-ray images. Within the scope of the study, four new result generation pipeline algorithms having been put forward additionally, it was ensured that the experimental results were combined and the success of the study was improved. In the experiments carried out in this study, the training sessions were carried out using the k-fold cross validation method. Here the k value was chosen as 23 for the first and second training-test data sets. Considering the average highest results of the experiments performed within the scope of the study, the values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F-1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the first training-test data set were 0,9947, 0,9800, 0,9843, 0,9881 and 0,9990 respectively; while for the second training-test data set, they were 0,9920, 0,9939, 0,9891, 0,9828 and 0,9991; respectively. Within the scope of the study, finally, all the images were combined and the training and testing processes were repeated for a total of 556 X-ray images comprising 150 Covid-19 images and 406 non-Covid-19 images, by applying 2-fold cross. In this context, the average highest values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F-1 score, and AUC for this last training-test data set were found to be 0,9760, 1,0000, 0,9906, 0,9823 and 0,9997; respectively.
Privacy-preserving collaborative filtering (PPCF) methods designate extremely beneficial filtering skills without deeply jeopardizing privacy. However, they mostly suffer from scalability, sparsity, and accuracy problems. First, applying privacy measures introduces additional costs making scalability worse. Second, due to randomness for preserving privacy, quality of predictions diminishes. Third, with increasing number of products, sparsity becomes an issue for both CF and PPCF schemes.In this study, we first propose a content-based profiling (CBP) of users to overcome sparsity issues while performing clustering because the very sparse nature of rating profiles sometimes do not allow strong discrimination. To cope with scalability and accuracy problems of PPCF schemes, we then show how to apply k-means clustering (KMC), fuzzy c-means method (FCM), and self-organizing map (SOM) clustering to CF schemes while preserving users’ confidentiality. After presenting an evaluation of clustering-based methods in terms of privacy and supplementary costs, we carry out real data-based experiments to compare the clustering algorithms within and against traditional CF and PPCF approaches in terms of accuracy. Our empirical outcomes demonstrate that FCM achieves the best low cost performance compared to other methods due to its approximation-based model. The results also show that our privacy-preserving methods are able to offer precise predictions. 相似文献
Polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composites were prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. Nanoparticles were modified prior to melt mixing with maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) and silane. The composites were injection molded and mechanical tests were applied to obtain tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact strength. Antibacterial efficiency test was applied on the injection molded composite plaques by viable cell counting technique. The results showed that the composites including SEBS-g-MA and silane coated TiO2 gave better mechanical properties than the composites without SEBS-g-MA. Antibacterial efficiency of the composites varied according to the dispersion and the concentration of the particles and it was observed that composites at low content of TiO2 showed higher antibacterial property due to the better photocatalytic activity of the particles during UV exposure. 相似文献
The observation of a giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd5Ge1.9Si2Fe0.1 has stimulated the magnetocaloric research in the last two decades. However, the high price of Gd and its proclivity to corrosion of these compounds have prevented their commercial use. To reduce raw materials cost, transition metal-based alloys are investigated to replace rare earth-based materials. Environmental considerations, substitution for scarce and strategic elements, and cost considerations all speak to potential contributions of these new materials to sustainability. Fe-based soft amorphous alloys are believed to be promising magnetic refrigerants. Efforts in improving the refrigeration capacity (RC) of refrigerants mainly rely on broadening the magnetic entropy change. One promising technique is to couple two phases of magnetic materials with desirable properties. Second is the investigation of nanoparticle synthesis routes, with ball milling being the most widely used one. The motivation for the nanoparticles synthesis is rooted in their inherent tendency to have distributed exchange coupling, which will broaden the magnetic entropy curve. As proven with the cost analysis, the focus is believed to shift from improving the RC of refrigerants toward finding the most economically advantageous magnetic refrigerant with the highest performance. 相似文献