Vasodilation with adenosine or sodium nitroprusside after coronary artery bypass surgery: a comparative study on myocardial blood flow and metabolism

The effects of adenosine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on central hemodynamics and myocardial blood flow and metabolism were investigated postoperatively after elective coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery in ten sedated and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. During three consecutive 15-min periods, SNP (0.8 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), adenosine (88.9 +/- 13.3 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), and then again SNP (0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1) were infused to control postoperative hypertension at a mean arterial pressure of approximately 80 mm Hg. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics and global (coronary sinus flow, CSF) as well as regional (great cardiac vein flow, GCVF) myocardial blood flow and metabolic variables were measured. During adenosine infusion, in comparison to SNP, heart rate was unchanged, stroke volume index and cardiac index increased (24% and 32%, respectively), and the systemic vascular resistance index decreased (-26%). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (24%) as well as pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27%) and central venous pressure (18%) were higher with adenosine compared to SNP. Adenosine also increased CSF and GCVF (108% and 103%, respectively) without altering the CSF/GCVF flow ratio compared to SNP. Furthermore, adenosine increased the coronary oxygen content (51%) and decreased the arterio-great cardiac vein oxygen content difference (-48%) without changing regional myocardial oxygen consumption, indicating a more pronounced hyperkinetic myocardial circulation compared to SNP. In addition, adenosine infusion decreased arterial PO2 (-11%) and increased the intrapulmonary shunt fraction (57%). The PR interval time of the electrocardiogram was prolonged (12%) and the ST segment was more depressed during adenosine infusion compared to SNP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A study of phase equilibria of nitrogen for constructing a medium value pressure scale

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 40–42, March, 1993.     

Some features of the chemical transformation of a highly exothermic ore concentrate-based mixture in a combustion wave

Use of inexpensive ore concentrates as initial components in SHS metallurgy [1–3] brings about some specific features in the process and the properties of the materials obtained. Ore reagents contain a considerable amount of impurities (Al₂O₃, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃) that decrease the energetics of SHS systems and the temperature and the rate of combustion and create the limits of combustion and phase separation. In addition, the impurities participate in chemical reactions and enter the desired product. In many cases the presence of silicon, iron, and aluminum in a cast product does not prevent use of this product for practical purposes.Institute of Metallurgy, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Georgia, Tbilisi. Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 613–616, November, 1993.     

Synthesis and analysis of transformer-isolated converters

A systematic and straightforward procedure is developed for the synthesis and analysis of transformer-isolated power converters. The procedure can be used to determine the ranges of duty-ratio over which the transformer-isolated power converters of a given class can be operated without transformer saturation. The procedure can also be used to study the dependence of the power converter switch stresses on duty-ratios. This information is useful in the selection of the transformer-isolated power converter most suitable for a given application and in the design of this power converter with minimum switch stresses, high power density, and low cost     

X-ray electron spectroscopic investigation of the structure of double lead silicate glasses

The method of x-ray electron spectroscopy is used to investigate lead silicatexPbO(1 -x) · SiO₂ (x - 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.55, 0.667) glasses. The concentration dependences of the spectra of inner Pb4f, Si2p, and Ols levels led to the conclusion that for low contents of PbO, lead is present in the glass in the form of modifying ions, whereas in high concentrations, it plays the role of glass former. Restructuring in the glass occurs for about 50% molar concentration of PbO. The Pb - O bond in the glass is more ionic than in PbO. With an increase in the PbO content in the glass, the Pb - O bond becomes closer to that of lead monoxide, i.e., is more covalent.     

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF CHEMICAL SPECIES TO POLAR SNOW

Particles and gases can deposit from the atmosphere to polar snow by several mechanisms. Dry deposition can be considered to consist of three steps: aerodynamic transport from the free atmosphere to the viscous sublayer near the surface, boundary layer transport across the sublayer, and interactions with the surface. The particle dry deposition mass flux is dominated by the largest particles present in a size distribution. Wet deposition includes in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging, where the former refers to uptake of particles during nucleation of cloudwater as well as scavenging of particles and gases by existing droplets and ice crystals. Of all the wet deposition mechanisms, nucleation scavenging is often the most important mechanism for particles in the polar regions. Finally, incorporation of particles and gases into fog droplets and subsequent settling of the fog to the snow surface can be an important removal process in regions of frequent fog. For Summit, Greenland, the total deposition of MSA, SO₄^2-, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ during May 24-July 13, 1993 was dominated by wet deposition: this mechanism accounted for an average of 62% of the total deposition for these species. Fog and dry deposition accounted for 21% and 17% of the total, respectively. These results suggest that all three mechanisms may need to be considered when estimating total deposition of certain chemical species to polar snow.     

Regeneration of active carbons saturated with caprolactam

Low- and medium-temperature regeneration of active carbons saturated with caprolactam was investigated in regenerating medium (nitrogen, vapor–gas mixture) and without it. The optimum conditions of conducting the process were determined. The results of laboratory studies of thermal regeneration of active carbons were confirmed in experimental-industrial tests.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Synthetic Fibres, Tver'. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 43–47, March–April, 1995.