Distribution of one of the ascitic fluid antigens of ovarian cancer patients in malignant tumors of the stomach and intestines

The indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to study the distribution of the ascitic fluid antigen (AgD) on histological sections from surgical specimens of gastric and colon tumours from proximal to distal lines of resection. AgD was found in gastric tumours exceptionally in the tumour area and in colon cancer--both in the tumour stroma and in surrounding histologically normal mucosa.     

A method of investigating the kinetics of high-temperature ductility variation of porous solids during sintering under pressure

Conclusions A method is proposed making it possible to study the high-temperature kinetics of the variation of the coefficients of shear ductility of a porous solid and its material during sintering under pressure. An investigation was carried out into the variation of the ductility of copper powder compacts in the temperature range 700–950°C. Experimental data are compared with results obtained on the basis of the theory of diffusion-viscous flow and a general rheological theory of sintering. It has been established that in the initial stage of sintering at 950°C the coefficient of shear ductility of copper increases linearly with time. Under conditions of diffusion-viscous flow of a polycrystalline material, this is due to diffusional grain growth according to a parabolic law. It is shown that experimental values of shear ductility of copper are smaller than values obtained on the basis of the rheological theory of sintering. Values approximating most closely to experimental data have been obtained with a model of an ideal porous solid.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 11(299), pp. 11–17, November, 1987.     

Performance of the decorrelator receiver for DS-CDMA mobile radio system employing RAKE and diversity through Nakagami fading channel

Multiple-access interference (MAI) and multipath fading are two of the most significant factors limiting the capacity and performance of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. In this paper, synchronous multiuser receivers that combine antenna diversity, RAKE reception, and a multipath decorrelator for MAI cancellation are analyzed in a Nakagami faded environment using a maximal ratio combiner or a selection combiner. A coherent binary phase-shift keying employing DS-CDMA is considered. Arbitrary branch correlation is also considered for any diversity order in the case of identical severity fading on the branches.     

Thickness-stress relations in aluminum thin films

The physical properties of aluminum thin films depend strongly on their microstructure, which can be characterized using different techniques. In the present work, aluminum thin films—grown with different thickness on silicon substrates—were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence x-ray techniques. The AFM was used as a high-resolution profilemeter for measuring edge angles, step heights, surface microstructure, and roughness. The structural properties (such as crystallographic orientation, crystallite size, and phase identification) were analyzed by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. For small thickness, AFM images show small nucleation sites because of the short time of growth. Grain size grows as the thickness increases, and film morphology seems to be uniform with large grains. The AFM results of as-grown films show a linear increase in roughness along with thickness. Roughness values decrease with aging time after film preparation, until a constant value is observed. All films mainly have (111) orientation, and its intensity grows with film thickness, with respect to the (200) and (220) peaks. As the film thickness increases, the surface stress decreases.     

Synthesis, Structure, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Rutherfordite and Tetrasodium Uranyl Tricarbonate

The optimum procedures for synthesis of UO₂CO₃ and Na₄[UO₂(CO₃)₃] were developed. The structures of these compounds and their thermal decomposition were studied by X-ray diffraction, precision IR spectroscopy, and thermography. The standard enthalpy of formation of crystalline Na₄[UO₂(CO₃)₃] at 298.16 K was determined to be -4010.0±8.0 kJ mol^{- 1}.     

Analyses of the practical adhesion strengths of the metal/polymer interfaces in electronic packaging

There is a plethora of techniques to measure the adhesion strength of metal/polymer interfaces. However, the practical adhesion strength, which is the work done in separating the film from the substrate (or one film from another), is very sensitive to the test methods and the mechanical effects, such as the residual stress, thickness and mechanical properties of the layers, strain rate, and phase angle. Deriving intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interfaces, which are independent of such parameters, from the practical adhesion-strength measurements is a formidable task. In the present work, data from the three commonly used adhesion tests; pull-out, 90°-peel, and T-peel tests are compared with the intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interface, such as the interface-fracture toughness or the interface-fracture energy, and their implications are discussed. Material systems analyzed were Cu-based lead frame/epoxy-molding compound (EMC) and Cu/Cr/polyimide.     

Deposition mechanisms in langmuir-blodgett films

As part of a study of the possible application of polymerisable Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films as ultra-fine-line e-beam resists, an investigation of the variation of film structure of 22-tricosenoic acid with differing deposition conditions has been made. Unexpected effects with significant implications for deposition speed and resist sensitivity have been observed, and the new techniques for film characterisation developed during the investigation have resulted in a revised model of deposition explaining the observed independence of the disorder causing optical scattering and the macroscopic features observed by polarised microscopy.