High-gain observer approach to disturbance attenuation using measurement feedback

A procedure is developed for disturbance attenuation in a linear system via the use of measurement feedback. A high-gain observer is used to recover the disturbance attenuation properties asymptotically, which can be achieved using full state feedback. It is thus shown that the problem of disturbance attenuation via measurement feedback can be decomposed into two problems of disturbance attenuation via state feedback. These problems of disturbance via state feedback can then be solved using existing methods based on the algebraic Riccati equation.     

T6I6二次时效对A356铸造铝合金力学性能的影响

为了解决热处理后材料的强度和塑性变化规律相反的问题,在T6热处理制度的基础上开发了一种新型的T6I6二次时效制度.研究结果表明：采用T6I6热处理制度可以同时提高A356铝合金的强度、塑性、弹性模量和硬度.在相同的自然时效条件下,材料的强度、弹性模量和硬度随着第一次人工时效时间t1的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.延伸率既随着第一次人工时效时间的增加而增加,又随着中间自然时效时间的延长而增大.屈服强度和抗拉强度分别在t1为10min和20min时达到最大值237.38MPa和320.15MPa,增幅达到27.53%和15.24%;当t1=120min且t2=8周时,延伸率达到最大值13.63%.这主要是因为T6I6中的自然时效阶段形成大量的GP区,在随后的人工时效过程中析出大量细小高密度的β相.     

HPAM／有机钛弱凝胶体系的室内研究

在较高温度和矿化度条件下,使用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺和有机钛交联剂,采用延迟交联技术,制备了耐高温和耐盐的弱凝胶体系。考察了聚合物浓度、交联剂浓度、延缓交联剂浓度、稳定剂浓度、温度、矿化度以及PH值对体系粘度的影响。     

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY α-TOCOPHEROL AND SURFACE APPLICATION OF OLEORESIN ROSEMARY ON LIPID OXIDATION AND CHOLESTEROL OXIDE FORMATION IN COOKED RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) MUSCLE

The inhibitory effect of dietary α-tocopherol supplementation (100 and 500 mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) and an oleoresin rosemary dip on lipid and cholesterol oxidation in cooked rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during storage at 4C for 48 h was investigated. The 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of cooked fish muscle increased during storage for all treatments. Dietary α-tocopherol supplementation partially inhibited lipid oxidation. Surface application of oleoresin rosemary further enhanced this protective effect. Cholesterol oxides were formed in all the samples following cooking and storage. The major cholesterol oxidation products (COPS) were identified as 7 β-hydroxycholesterol, α- and β-epoxides, and 7-ketocholesterol. Formation of COPS was reduced by dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol and surface application of oleoresin rosemary. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect of oleoresin rosemary on COPS formation.     

Calcium Oxalate Crystals: The Irritant Factor in Kiwifruit

The cause of irritation in the mouth, when kiwifruit nectars and dried kiwifruit products are ingested, was investigated. Idioblast cells that contain raphide crystals of calcium oxalate were isolated from inner pericarp tissue of the fruit and studied by light and electron microscopy. An experienced panel of 9 judges detected an irritation from sweetened apple puree when isolated raphide crystals were incorporated at the rate of 30 mg oxalate/100g of puree. Sensory and microscopic studies showed evidence that the irritation was caused by sharp calcium oxalate crystals exposed during processing.     

Backscattered electron imaging and electron backscattered diffraction in the study of bacterial attachment to titanium alloy structure

The application of secondary electron (SE) imaging, backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was investigated in this work to study the bacterial adhesion and proliferation on a commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and a Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti 64) with respect to substrate microstructure and chemical composition. Adherence of Gram‐positive Staphylococcus epidermidis 11047 and Streptococcus sanguinis GW2, and Gram‐negative Serratia sp. NCIMB 40259 and Escherichia coli 10418 was compared on cp Ti, Ti 64, pure aluminium (Al) and vanadium (V). The substrate microstructure and the bacterial distribution on these metals were characterised using SE, BSE and EBSD imaging. It was observed that titanium alloy‐phase structure, grain boundaries and grain orientation did not influence bacterial adherence or proliferation at microscale. Adherence of all four strains was similar on cp Ti and Ti 64 surfaces whilst inhibited on pure Al. This work establishes a nondestructive and straight‐forward statistical method to analyse the relationship between microbial distribution and metal alloy structure.     

A Review of Lubrication Conditions for Wear Simulation in Artificial Hip Replacements

It is essential to evaluate the wear behavior of joint replacement materials and designs. While synovial fluid is the biological joint lubricant, it is present in too small quantities to use for wear simulations. A variety of lubricants have been used, such as water, saline solutions, synovial fluid components (hyaluronic acid, lubricin, and phospholipids), serum, and custom-made lubricants. We review studies from our Loma Linda University Medical Center lab and other labs using metal-on-polyethylene, exploring the benefits and deficiencies of these pseudo-synovial fluids. Serum is used extensively as the lubricant because its results most closely match clinical results with polyethylene bearings. We summarize laboratory experiments that have explored the effects of serum with differences in proteins (concentration, type, and ratio), volume, viscosity, temperature, and additives and their wear response. Protein precipitates seem to protect the implants from wear. The properties of current lubricants, in particular the roles of proteins, are the current focus in the search for an ideal joint analogue fluid.

     

组合赋权2模糊聚类算法的改进及其 在洪灾风险评价的应用

针对洪水灾害风险评价中单一赋权法存在一定局限性和风险等级难以客观划分的问题, 提出改进组合赋权-模糊聚类算法, 开展洪水灾害风险评价研究。考虑洪灾危险性、敏感性和易损性等 3 个方面筛选构建评价指标体系, 并分别采用直觉模糊层次分析法和 VC-CRITIC 法赋予主、客观权重, 通过改进博弈论组合赋权法计算最优组合权重, 加权计算不同评价单元洪灾风险度, 利用高斯混合模型模糊聚类算法划分区域洪水灾害风险等级。以茨南淝左片防洪保护区遭遇淮河干流百年一遇洪水为例进行洪灾风险评价算法应用研究, 结果表明: 极高风险区和 高风险区共占保护区总面积的 24. 87 % , 基本为淹没水深较大、地形位指数较低和社会经济价值较高的区域。评价结果较为合理可靠, 所提改进组合赋权2模糊聚类算法可为防洪保护区洪水灾害风险评价和防灾减灾决策提供技术支持。     

北京典型地区分层地面沉降与 地下水位变化关系

北京市长期过量开采地下水造成地下水位持续下降,从而引发地面沉降快速发展。利用北京天竺地面沉降监测站长时间序列下分层地面沉降及对应含水层组地下水位监测数据,建立了二者间的多元回归模型,并用实际监测数据验证了该模型的预测效果,据此确定了天竺站的主要沉降贡献层及对沉降影响最大的含水层主控层位。研究成果可为合理调整地下水开采层位以及开展地面沉降防控工作提供科学依据。     

无需掺入贵金属的多元氧化物气敏材料

将具有气敏特性的氧化物 (Fe2 O3 、SnO2 、In2 O3 )以适当的比例混合成多元氧化物作为气敏材料制成气敏元件 ,测试了它的气敏特性 .结果表明 :多元氧化物对丙酮的灵敏度比单一的氧化物提高了 3倍 ,而且选择性比较好 .